extract - interactive string extract and replace
extract [-i ignorefile] [-m prefix] [-n] [-p patternfile]
[-s string] [-u] source-program...
Ignore text strings specified in ignorefile. By default,
the extract command searches for ignorefile in the current
working directory, your home directory, and /usr/lib/nls.
If you omit the -i option, extract recognizes all
strings specified in the patterns file. Add prefix
to message numbers in the output source program and
source message catalog. You can use this prefix as
a mnemonic. You must process source message catalogs
that contain message number prefixes using the
mkcatdefs command. Create a new source message
catalog for each input source program. By default,
if you specify more than one input source program
on the extract command line, the command creates
one source message catalog for all the input source
programs. Use patternfile to match strings in the
input source program. By default, the command
searches for the pattern file in the current directory,
your home directory, and /usr/lib/nls.
If you omit the -p option, the extract command uses
a default patterns file that is stored in
/usr/lib/nls/patterns. Write string at the top of
the source message catalog. If you omit the -s
option, extract uses the string specified in the
$CATHEAD section of the patterns file. Use a message
file produced by a previous run of strextract.
This file contains details of all the strings which
matched the pattern file along with file offsets
and line numbers. By default strextract is run and
its output is used to drive extract.
The extract command interactively extracts text strings
from source programs. The extract command replaces the
strings it extracts with calls to the catgets function.
The command also writes the string it extracts to a source
message catalog. You use this command to replace hardcoded
messages in your program source file with calls to
the catgets command and create a source message catalog.
At run time, the program reads the message text from the
message catalog. By storing messages in a message catalog,
instead of in your program, you allow the text of
messages to be translated to a new language or modified
without the source program being changed.
In the source-program argument, you name one or more
source programs from which you want messages extracted.
The extract command does not extract messages from source
programs included using the #include directive. Therefore,
you might want to name a source program and all the
source programs it includes on a single extract command
line.
You can create a patterns file (as specified by patternfile)
to control how the extract command extracts and
replaces text. The patterns file is divided into several
sections, each of which is identified by a keyword. The
keyword must start at the beginning of a new line, and its
first character must be a dollar sign ($). Following the
identifier, you specify a number of patterns. Each pattern
begins on a new line and follows the regular expression
syntax you use in the regexp routine. For more
information on the patterns file, see patterns(4)and for
more information on the regexp routine, see regexp(3).
In addition to the patterns file, you can create a file
that indicates strings that extract ignores. Each line in
this ignore file contains a single string to be ignored
that follows the syntax of the regexp routine.
When you invoke the extract command, it reads the patterns
file and the file that contains strings it ignores. You
can specify a patterns file and an ignore file on the
extract command line. Otherwise, the extract command
matches all strings and uses a default patterns file.
When you run extract, it displays three windows on your
terminal. The first window contains the program source
code. The string that matches a string in the patterns
file is displayed in reverse video.
The second window displays the contents of the source message
catalog that the extract command is creating.
The third window contains a list of the commands that are
available. The extract command displays the current command
in reverse video. You can execute the current command
by pressing the RETURN key. Select another command by
typing the first letter in the command name and pressing
the RETURN key. The extract command is not sensitive to
the case of letters, so you can use uppercase or lowercase
letters to issue commands.
You can use the following commands to control how extract
treats the string displayed in the first window: Extract
the string into the catalog file and rewrite the source
using the rewrite string in the patterns file. If the
string has been encountered previously, rewrite the source
program using the same message number as before. The
extract command need not add the message to the source
message catalog again, so this command saves space in catalogs.
Ignore this and all subsequent occurrences of this
string during this interactive session. This command does
not add the string to the ignore file. Pass by (ignore)
this occurrence of this particular string. Ignore this
and all subsequent occurrences of this string during this
interactive session. Add the string to the ignore file.
Add the comment you enter to the source message catalog.
The extract command prompts you to be sure the comment you
entered is correct. You answer the prompt by typing "y,"
"n," or "q," without pressing the RETURN key. Quit from
the interactive session. The extract command prompts you
to be sure you want to quit. Answer "y" or "n" to the
prompt, without pressing the return key.
The output files that extract creates up to this
point are not removed by this command. However,
the files contain only the result of the string
extractions that occurred before you issued the
QUIT command. Display a description of all the
extract commands.
The extract command creates two files in your current
working directory. The command creates a new version of
the source program that contains calls to the catgets
function, instead of hard-coded messages. The new version
of the source program has the same name as the input
source program, with the prefix nl_. For example, if the
input source program is named update.c, the output source
program is named nl_update.c.
In addition to a new source program, the extract command
creates a source message catalog. The source message catalog
contains the text for each message extracted from
your input source program. The extract command names the
file by appending to the name of the input source program.
For example, the source message catalog for the update.c
source program is named update.msg. You can use the
source message catalog as input to the gencat command.
Given the current syntax of the patterns file, you cannot
cause extract to ignore strings in comments that are
longer than one line.
You can specify only one rewrite string for all classes of
pattern matches.
The extract command does not extract strings from files
you include with the #include directive. You must run the
extract commands on these files separately.
Your terminal screen must contain at least 80 columns and
24 lines for extract to display its three windows.
The extract command does not recognize strings that extend
beyond one line.
The following example shows the commands you issue to run
the extract command, create a message catalog from the
source message catalog, and compile the output source program:
% extract -i newignore -p c_patterns remove.c % gencat
remove.cat remove.msg % vi nl_remove.c % cc nl_remove.c
In this example, the extract command uses the newignore
file to determine which strings to ignore. The command
uses the c_patterns file to determines which strings to
match. The input source program is named remove.c.
In response to this command, extract creates the source
message catalog remove.msg and the output source program
nl_remove.c.
You must edit nl_remove.c to include the appropriate
catopen and catclose function calls.
The gencat command creates a message catalog and the cc
command creates an executable program.
gencat(1), mkcatdefs(1), strextract(1), strmerge(1),
catopen(3), catgets(3), regexp(3), patterns(4)
Writing Software for the International Market
extract(1)
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