swpackage(1M) swpackage(1M)
NAME [Toc] [Back]
swpackage - package software products into a target depot or tape
SYNOPSIS [Toc] [Back]
swpackage [-p] [-v] [-V] [-C session_file] [-d directory|device]
[-f software_file] [-s product_specification_file|directory]
[-S session_file] [-x option=value] [-X option_file]
[software_selections] [@ target_selection]
Remarks [Toc] [Back]
+ For a description of the Product Specification File (PSF) used as
input to the swpackage command, see the swpackage(4) man page by
typing man 4 swpackage on the command line.
+ For an overview of all SD commands, see the sd(5) man page by typing
man 5 sd on the command line.
+ For descriptions of all SD objects, attributes and data formats, see
the sd(4) man page by typing man 4 sd on the command line.
DESCRIPTION [Toc] [Back]
The swpackage command is not distributed; it only operates on the
local host. It packages software products into:
+ a distribution directory (which can be accessed directly or
copied onto a CD-ROM),
+ a distribution tape, such as DDS, nine-track or cartridge
tapes.
A software product is organized into a three-level hierarchy:
products, subproducts, and filesets. The actual files that make up a
product are packaged into filesets. Subproducts can be used to
partition or subset the filesets into logical groupings. (Subproducts
are optional.) A product, subproduct, and fileset also have
attributes associated with them.
Both directory and tape distributions use the same format. The
swpackage command:
+ Organizes the software to be packaged into products,
subproducts, and filesets,
+ Provides flexible mechanisms to package source files into
filesets,
+ Modifies existing products in a distribution directory,
+ Copies products in a distribution directory to a distribution
tape.
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Both the swpackage and swcopy commands create or modify a target
depot. The differences between these commands are:
+ The swcopy command copies products from an existing depot to
another depot. The swpackage command creates products based on
the user's specification, and packages these products into a
depot.
+ swpackage can be used to re-package software_selections from an
existing distribution directory to a distribution tape.
+ The swcopy command can copy from a local or remote source to a
set of local or remote targets. The swpackage command packages
source files from the local filesystem into a product, for
insertion into a local distribution directory or tape.
+ After creating a target depot, swcopy registers that directory
with the local swagentd so that it can be found by swlist,
swinstall, etc. With swpackage, the depot is not registered;
the user must explicitly invoke the swreg command.
Layout Version [Toc] [Back]
By default, SD object and attribute syntax conforms to the
layout_version 1.0 specification of the IEEE POSIX 1387.2 Software
Administration standard. SD commands still accept the keyword names
associated with the older layout version 0.8, but you should use the
older version only to create distributions readable by older versions
of SD.
Which layout_version the SD commands write is controlled by the
layout_version option or by specifying the layout_version attribute in
the PSF file.
See sd(4), the description of the layout_version option in the
following section and in sd(5) for more information. See sd(4) for
more information on PSF files.
Options [Toc] [Back]
swpackage supports the following options:
-p Previews a package session without actually creating or
modifying the distribution tape.
-v Turns on verbose output to stdout. Verbose output is
enabled by default, see the verbose option below.
-V List the data model revision that swpackage supports.
By default, swpackage always packages using the latest
data model revision.
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-C session_file
Save the current options and operands to session_file.
You can enter a relative or absolute path with the file
name. The default directory for session files is
$HOME/.sw/sessions/. You can recall a session file
with the -S option.
-d directory|device
(Obsolete but allowed for backward compatibility. Use
the @ target_selection operand instead.)
If creating a distribution directory, this option
defines the pathname of the directory. If creating a
distribution tape, this option defines the device file
on which to write the distribution. When creating a
distribution tape, the tape device (file) must exist,
and the -x media_type=tape option must be specified
(see below).
You can also specify that the swpackage output be
"piped" to an external command using:
swpackage -d "| <command>"-x media_type=tape-s <source>
The | symbol and command must be quoted because it is
interpreted by swpackage and not the shell.
-f software_file
Read the list of software_selections from software_file
instead of (or in addition to) the command line.
-s product_specification_file|directory
The source PSF describes the product, subproduct,
fileset, and file definitions used to build a software
product from a set of source files.
The source can also be an existing directory depot
(which already contains products).
-S session_file
Execute swpackage based on the options and operands
saved from a previous session, as defined in
session_file. You can save session information to a
file with the -C option.
-x option=value
Set the session option to value and override the
default value (or a value in an alternate options_file
specified with the -X option). Multiple -x options can
be specified.
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-X option_file
Read the session options and behaviors from
options_file.
Software Selections [Toc] [Back]
If specified, the software selections cause swpackage to only
(re)package those software selections from the full set defined in the
source product_specification_file. If no software_selections are
specified, then swpackage will (re)package all the products defined in
the source product_specification_file.
The swpackage command supports the following syntax for each
software_selection:
bundle[.product[.subproduct][.fileset]][,version]
product[.subproduct][.fileset][,version]
+ The = (equals) relational operator lets you specify
selections with the following shell wildcard and patternmatching
notations:
[ ], *, ?
+ Bundles and subproducts are recursive. Bundles can contain
other bundles and subproducts can contain other subproducts.
+ The \* software specification selects all products. Use this
specification with caution.
The version component has the form:
[,r <op> revision][,a <op> arch][,v <op> vendor]
[,c <op> category][,q=qualifier][,l=location]
[,fr <op> revision][,fa <op> arch]
+ location applies only to installed software and refers to
software installed to a location other than the default
product directory.
+ fr and fa apply only to filesets.
+ The <op> (relational operator) component can be of the form:
=, ==, >=, <=, <, >, or !=
which performs individual comparisons on dot-separated
fields.
For example, r>=B.10.00 chooses all revisions greater than
or equal to B.10.00. The system compares each dot-separated
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field to find matches.
+ The = (equals) relational operator lets you specify
selections with the shell wildcard and pattern-matching
notations:
[ ], *, ?, !
For example, the expression r=1[01].* returns any revision
in version 10 or version 11.
+ All version components are repeatable within a single
specification (e.g. r>=A.12, r<A.20). If multiple
components are used, the selection must match all
components.
+ Fully qualified software specs include the r=, a=, and v=
version components even if they contain empty strings. For
installed software, l= is also included.
+ No space or tab characters are allowed in a software
selection.
+ The software instance_id can take the place of the version
component. It has the form:
[instance_id]
within the context of an exported catalog, where instance_id
is an integer that distinguishes versions of products and
bundles with the same tag.
Target Selections [Toc] [Back]
The swpackage command supports the following syntax for a
target_selection:
@ /path
If creating a distribution directory, this option defines the path to
the directory. If creating a distribution tape, this option defines
the path to the device file on which to write the distribution. When
creating a distribution tape, the tape device (file) must exist, and
the -x media_type=tape option must be specified (see below).
EXTERNAL INFLUENCES [Toc] [Back]
Default Options
In addition to the standard options, several SD behaviors and policy
options can be changed by editing the default values found in:
/var/adm/sw/defaults the system-wide default values.
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$HOME/.swdefaults the user-specific default values.
Values must be specified in the defaults file using this syntax:
[command_name.]option=value
The optional command_name prefix denotes one of the SD commands.
You can also override default values from the command line with the -x
or -X options:
command -x option=value
command -X option_file
The following section lists all of the keywords supported by swpackage
and swcopy. If a default value exists, it is listed after the "=".
The commands that this option applies to are also specified.
admin_directory=/var/adm/sw (for normal mode)
admin_directory=/var/home/LOGNAME/sw (for nonprivileged mode)
The location for SD logfiles and the default parent
directory for the installed software catalog. The
default value is /var/adm/sw for normal SD operations.
When SD operates in nonprivileged mode (that is, when
the run_as_superuser default option is set to true):
+ The default value is forced to /var/home/LOGNAME/sw.
+ The path element LOGNAME is replaced with the name
of the invoking user, which SD reads from the system
password file.
+ If you set the value of this option to HOME/path, SD
replaces HOME with the invoking user's home
directory (from the system password file) and
resolves path relative to that directory. For
example, HOME/my_admin resolves to the my_admin
directory in your home directory.
SD's nonprivileged mode is intended only for managing
applications that are specially designed and packaged.
This mode cannot be used to manage the HP-UX operating
system or patches to it. For a full explanation of
nonprivileged SD, see the Software Distributor
Administration Guide, available at the
http://docs.hp.com web site.
See also the run_as_superuser option.
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allow_partial_bundles=true
Determines whether to process partial bundles without
WARNINGs and NOTEs. In the default state of true, this
option tells swpackage to package what is available in
the PSF. Missing or ambiguous bundle contents are
ignored and no WARNINGs and NOTEs are issued.
When set to false, this option tells swpackage to
expect all the bundle contents to be present and unique
in the PSF. Objects that are ambiguous or missing
generates a NOTE and every bundle with missing or
ambiguous content generates a WARNING. (Note that
swpackage succeeds even if NOTEs and WARNINGS occur.)
compress_cmd=/usr/contrib/bin/gzip
Defines the command called to compress files before
installing, copying or packaging. If the
compression_type option is set to other than gzip or
compress, this path must be changed.
compress_files=false
If set to true, uncompressed files are compressed
before transfer from a source. This enhances
performance on slower networks for swcopy and
swinstall, and results in smaller depots for swcopy and
swpackage, unless the uncompress_files option is also
set to true.
compress_index=false
Determines whether SD commands create compressed INDEX
and INFO catalog files when writing to target depots or
roots. The default of false does not create compressed
files. When set to true, SD creates compressed and
uncompressed INDEX and INFO files. The compressed files
are named INDEX.gz and INFO.gz, and reside in the same
directories as the uncompressed files.
Compressed files can enhance performance on slower
networks, although they may increase disk space usage
due to a larger Installed Products Database and depot
catalog. SD controllers and target agents for HP-UX
11.01 and higher automatically load the compressed
INDEX and INFO files from the source agent when:
+ The source agent supports this feature.
+ INDEX.gz or INFO.gz exist on the source depot.
+ INDEX.gz or INFO.gz are not older than the
corresponding uncompressed INDEX or INFO files.
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The uncompressed INDEX or INFO file is accessed by the
source agent if any problem occurs when accessing,
transferring, or uncompressing the INDEX.gz or INFO.gz
file.
compression_type=gzip
Defines the default compression type used by the agent
when it compresses files during or after transmission.
If uncompress_files is set to false, the
compression_type is recorded for each file compressed
so that the correct uncompression can later be applied
during a swinstall, or a swcopy with uncompress_files
set to true. The compress_cmd specified must produce
files with the compression_type specified. The
uncompress_cmd must be able to process files of the
compression_type specified unless the format is gzip,
which is uncompressed by the internal uncompressor
(funzip).
create_target_acls=true
If creating a target depot, swpackage will create
Access Control Lists (ACLs) for the depot (if it is
new) and all products being packaged into it. If set
to false, and if the user is the superuser, swpackage
will not create ACLs. (The swpackage command never
creates ACLs when software is packaged on to a
distribution tape.)
distribution_source_directory=/var/spool/sw
Defines the default location of the source depot (when
the source_type is directory). You can also use the
host:path syntax. The -s option overrides this default.
distribution_target_directory=/var/spool/sw
Defines the default distribution directory of the
target depot. The target_selection operand overrides
this default.
distribution_target_serial=/dev/rmt/0m
Defines the default location of the target tape device
file. The target_selection operand overrides this
default.
enforce_dsa=true
Prevents a command from proceeding past the analysis
phase if the disk space required is beyond the
available free space of the impacted file systems. If
set to false, then the install, copy, or package
operation will use the file systems' minfree space and
may fail because it reaches the file system's absolute
limit.
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follow_symlinks=false
Do not follow symbolic links in the package source
files, but include the symbolic links in the packaged
products. A value of true for this keyword causes
swpackage to follow symbolic links in the package
source files and include the files they reference in
the packaged products.
include_file_revisions=false
Do not include each source file's revision attribute in
the products being packaged. Because this operation is
time consuming, by default the revision attributes are
not included. If set to true, swpackage will execute
wha
(in that order) to try to
determine a file's revision attribute.
layout_version=1.0
Specifies the POSIX layout_version to which the SD
commands conform when writing distributions and swlist
output. Supported values are "1.0" (default) and "0.8".
SD object and attribute syntax conforms to the
layout_version 1.0 specification of the IEEE POSIX
1387.2 Software Administration standard. SD commands
still accept the keyword names associated with the
older layout version, but you should use
layout_version=0.8 only to create distributions
readable by older versions of SD.
See the description of the layout_version option in
sd(5) for more information.
log_msgid=0
Adds numeric identification numbers at the beginning of
SD logfile messages:
0 (default) No identifiers are attached to messages.
1 Adds identifiers to ERROR messages only.
2 Adds identifiers to ERROR and WARNING messages.
3 Adds identifiers to ERROR, WARNING, and NOTE
messages.
4 Adds identifiers to ERROR, WARNING, NOTE, and
certain other informational messages.
logdetail=false
The logdetail option controls the amount of detail
written to the log file. When set to true, this option
adds detailed task information (such as options
specified, progress statements, and additional summary
information) to the log file. This information is in
addition to log information controlled by the loglevel
option.
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logfile=/var/adm/sw/sw<package>.log
Defines the default log file for the swpackage command.
loglevel=1
Controls the log level for the events logged to the
command logfile, the target agent logfile, and the
source agent logfile. This information is in addition
to the detail controlled by the logdetail option. See
logdetail for more information.
A value of
0 provides no information to the log files.
1 enables verbose logging to the log files.
2 enables very verbose logging to the log files.
media_capacity=1330
If creating a distribution tape or multiple-directory
media such as a CD-ROM, this keyword specifies the
capacity of the tape in one million byte units (not
Mbytes). This option is required if the media is not a
DDS tape or a disk file. Without this option,
swpackage sets the size to the default of 1,330 Mbytes
for tape or to the amount of free space on the disk up
to minfree for a disk file. SD uses the same format
across multiple directory media as it does for multiple
serial media, including calculations of the correct
size based partitioning of filesets and setting of the
media_sequence_number attributes.
media_type=directory
Defines the type of distribution to create. The
recognized types are directory and tape.
package_in_place=false
If set to true, swpackage does not put the files that
make up a product in the target depot. Instead,
swpackage inserts references to the original source
files, saving disk space.
reinstall_files=false
Controls the overwriting of files, which may enhance
performance on slow networks or disks. At the default
value of false, SD compares each file in a source
fileset to corresponding files on the target system.
SD compares the files based on size, timestamp, and
(optionally) the checksum (see
reinstall_files_use_cksum). If the files are identical
the files on the target system are not overwritten.
When set to true, SD does not compare files and
overwrites any identical files on the target.
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reinstall_files_use_cksum=false
Controls the use of checksum comparisons when the
reinstall_files option is set to false. At the default
value of true, this option causes SD to compute and
compare checksums to determine if a new file should
overwrite an old file. Use of checksums slows the
comparison but is a more robust check for equivalency
than size and time stamp.
If set to false, SD does not compute checksums and
compares files only by size and timestamp.
run_as_superuser=true
This option controls SD's nonprivileged mode. This
option is ignored (treated as true) when the invoking
user is super-user.
When set to the default value of true, SD operations
are performed normally, with permissions for operations
either granted to a local super-user or set by SD ACLs.
(See swacl(1M) for details on ACLs.)
When set to false and the invoking user is local and is
not super-user, nonprivileged mode is invoked:
+ Permissions for operations are based on the user's
file system permissions.
+ SD ACLs are ignored.
+ Files created by SD have the uid and gid of the
invoking user, and the mode of created files is set
according to the invoking user's umask.
SD's nonprivileged mode is intended only for managing
applications that are specially designed and packaged.
This mode cannot be used to manage the HP-UX operating
system or patches to it. For a full explanation of
nonprivileged SD, see the Software Distributor
Administration Guide, available at the
http://docs.hp.com web site.
See also the admin_directory option.
software= Defines the default software_selections. There is no
supplied default. If there is more than one software
selection, they must be separated by spaces. Software
is usually specified in a software input file, as
operands on the command line, or in the GUI.
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source_file=psf
Defines the default location of the source product
specification file (PSF). The host:path syntax is not
allowed, only a valid path can be specified. The -s
option overrides this value.
source_type=directory
Defines the default source type: cdrom, file,
directory, or tape. The source type derived from the
-s option overrides this value.
targets= Defines the default target_selections. There is no
supplied default. If there is more than one target
selection, they must be separated by spaces. Targets
are usually specified in a target input file, as
operands on the command line, or in the GUI.
uncompress_cmd=
Defines the command to uncompress files when
installing, copying, or packaging. This command
processes files which were stored on the media in a
compressed format. If the compression_type of the file
is gzip then the internal uncompression (funzip) is
used instead of the external uncompress_cmd.
verbose= Controls the verbosity of a non-interactive command's
output:
0 disables output to stdout. (Error and warning
messages are always written to stderr).
1 enables verbose messaging to stdout.
2 for swpackage and swmodify, enables very verbose
messaging to stdout.
The -v option overrides this default if it is set to 0.
Applies to all commands.
write_remote_files=false
Prevents file operations on remote (NFS) file systems.
All files destined for packaging on targets on a remote
(NFS) file systems are skipped.
If set to true and if the superuser has write
permission on the remote file system, the remote files
are not skipped.
Session File [Toc] [Back]
Each invocation of the swpackage command defines a packaging session.
The invocation options, source information, software selections, and
target hosts are saved before the installation or copy task actually
commences. This lets you re-execute the command even if the session
ends before proper completion.
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Each session is saved to the file $HOME/.sw/sessions/swpackage.last.
This file is overwritten by each invocation of swpackage.
You can also save session information to a specific file by executing
swpackage with the -C session__file option.
A session file uses the same syntax as the defaults files. You can
specify an absolute path for the session file. If you do not specify
a directory, the default location for a session file is
$HOME/.sw/sessions/.
To re-execute a session file, specify the session file as the argument
for the -S session__file option of swpackage.
Note that when you re-execute a session file, the values in the
session file take precedence over values in the system defaults file.
Likewise, any command line options or parameters that you specify when
you invoke swpackage take precedence over the values in the session
file.
Environment Variables [Toc] [Back]
The environment variable that affects swpackage is:
LANG Determines the language in which messages are
displayed. If LANG is not specified or is set to the
empty string, a default value of C is used. See the
lang(5) man page by typing man 5 lang for more
information.
NOTE: The language in which the SD agent and daemon log
messages are displayed is set by the system
configuration variable script, /etc/rc.config.d/LANG.
For example, /etc/rc.config.d/LANG, must be set to
LANG=ja_JP.SJIS or LANG=ja_JP.eucJP to make the agent
and daemon log messages display in Japanese.
LC_ALL Determines the locale to be used to override any values
for locale categories specified by the settings of LANG
or any environment variables beginning with LC_.
LC_CTYPE Determines the interpretation of sequences of bytes of
text data as characters (e.g., single-versus multibyte
characters in values for vendor-defined attributes).
LC_MESSAGES [Toc] [Back]
Determines the language in which messages should be
written.
LC_TIME Determines the format of dates (create_date and
mod_date) when displayed by swlist. Used by all
utilities when displaying dates and times in stdout,
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stderr, and logging.
TZ Determines the time zone for use when displaying dates
and times.
Signals [Toc] [Back]
The swpackage command catches the signals SIGQUIT and SIGINT. If
these signals are received, the command prints a message, sends a
Remote Procedure Call (RPC) to the agents to wrap up, and then exits.
The agent ignores SIGHUP, SIGINT, and SIGQUIT. It immediately exits
gracefully after receiving SIGTERM, SIGUSR1, or SIGUSR2. Killing the
agent may leave corrupt software on the system, and thus should only
be done if absolutely necessary. Note that when an SD command is
killed, the agent does not terminate until completing the task in
progress.
The daemon ignores SIGHUP, SIGINT and SIGQUIT. It immediately exits
gracefully after receiving SIGTERM and SIGUSR2. After receiving
SIGUSR1, it waits for completion of a copy or remove from a depot
session before exiting, so that it can register or unregister depots
if necessary. Requests to start new sessions are refused during this
wait.
Locking [Toc] [Back]
SD commands use a common locking mechanism for reading and modifying
both root directories and software depots. This mechanism allows
multiple readers but only one writer on a root or depot.
The SD commands which modify software in an (alternate) root directory
are restricted from simultaneous modification using fcntl(2) locking
on the file
var/adm/sw/products/swlock
relative to the root directory (e.g. /var/adm/sw/products/swlock).
The SD commands which modify software in a depot are restricted from
simultaneous modification using fcntl(2) locking on the file
catalog/swlock
relative to the depot directory (e.g. /var/spool/sw/catalog/swlock).
All commands set fcntl(2) read locks on roots and depots using the
swlock file mentioned above. When a read lock is set, it prevents
other SD commands from performing modifications (i.e. from setting
write locks).
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION FILE [Toc] [Back]
This section summarizes the product_specification_file (PSF) which
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drives the swpackage session. See swpackage(4) for a detailed
description of PSF syntax and semantics.
A PSF is structured as follows:
[depot specification]
[vendor specification]
[category specification]
[bundle specification]
[product specification]
[control script specification]
[subproduct specification]
[fileset specification]
[control script specification]
[file specification]
[fileset specification]
...
[product specification]
...
If errors encountered while parsing the PSF result in no valid product
definitions, swpackage terminates. All errors are logged to both
stderr and the logfile. In summary, the swpackage user can:
+ Specify one or more products;
+ For each product, specify one or more filesets.
+ For each fileset, specify one or more files.
+ (optional) Specify attributes for the target depot/tape;
+ (optional) Specify one or more bundles, defining the bundle
contents;
+ (optional) Specify vendor information for products and
bundles;
+ (optional) Specify category information for products, bundles
and patches.
+ (optional) For each product, specify one or more subproducts,
defining the subproduct contents;
+ (optional) For each product or fileset, specify one or more
control scripts.
RETURN VALUES [Toc] [Back]
The swpackage command returns:
0 The products specified in the product_specification_file
were successfully packaged into the target depot/tape.
1 An error occurred during the swpackage session (e.g. bad
syntax in the product_specification_file.) Review stderr or
the log file for details.
DIAGNOSTICS [Toc] [Back]
The swpackage command writes to stdout, stderr, and to the logfile.
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Standard Output [Toc] [Back]
The swpackage command writes messages for significant events. These
include:
+ a begin and end session message,
+ selection, analysis, packaging, and tape creation messages.
Standard Error [Toc] [Back]
The swpackage command writes messages for all WARNING and ERROR
conditions to stderr.
Logfile [Toc] [Back]
The swpackage command logs detailed events to the log file
/var/adm/sw/swpackage.log. The user can specify a different logfile
by modifying the logfile option.
EXAMPLES [Toc] [Back]
Package the products defined in the PSF products into the default
target depot:
swpackage -s products
Preview the same operation (do not create the target depot), and
generate very verbose output:
swpackage -p -vv -s products
Package the products into the target depot no_files, insert references
to the source files instead of copying them into the depot:
swpackage -s products -x package_in_place=true @ no_files
Re-package a specific fileset:
swpackage -s products -x package_in_place=true product.fileset @ no_files
Re-package the entire contents of the depot /var/spool/sw onto the
tape at /dev/rmt/0m:
swpackage -s /var/spool/sw -x media_type=tape @ /dev/rmt/0m
FILES [Toc] [Back]
/dev/rmt/0m
The default location of a source and target tape. (Note that SD
can read both tar and cpio tape depots.)
$HOME/.swdefaults
Contains the user-specific default values for some or all SD
options.
$HOME/.sw/sessions/
Contains session files automatically saved by the SD commands, or
Hewlett-Packard Company - 16 - HP-UX 11i Version 2.0
swpackage(1M) swpackage(1M)
explicitly saved by the user.
/usr/lib/sw/sys.defaults
Contains the master list of current SD options with their default
values.
/var/adm/sw/
The directory which contains all of the configurable and nonconfigurable
data for SD. This directory is also the default
location of logfiles.
/var/adm/sw/defaults
Contains the active system-wide default values for some or all SD
options.
/var/spool/sw/
The default location of a source and target software depot.
AUTHOR [Toc] [Back]
swpackage was developed by the Hewlett-Packard Company and Mark H.
Colburn (see pax(1)).
SEE ALSO [Toc] [Back]
sd(4), swpackage(4), sd(5).
Software Distributor Administration Guide, available at
http://docs.hp.com.
SD customer web site at http://software.hp.com/SD_AT_HP/.
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