sa - Summarizes accounting records
/usr/sbin/sa [-abcdDfijkKlmnorstu] [-v number] [-S savefile]
[-U userfile] [filename]
Outputs all command names (including those containing
unprintable characters and commands used only once) in the
last column. In the default format, such commands are
summed and the total is written as the entry ***other.
Sorts cpu output column 3 according to the sum of user and
system CPU time divided by the amount of CPU time required
to execute the command entered in the last column (6) as
many times as is entered in the first column (1). Adds
three percentage columns to the default format to list
percentages as follows: Lists the percentage of the number
of times each command was executed with respect to the
total number of times all commands were executed (see 1a
below). Lists the percentage of the amount of real time
required to execute each command the number of times
entered in the first column with respect to the total real
time required to execute the total of all commands entered
in the last column (see 2a below). Lists the percentage
of the amount of command CPU time required to execute each
command the number of times entered in the first column
with respect to the total CPU time required to execute the
total of all commands entered in the last column (see 3a
below). Sorts avio output column (4) in descending order
according to the average number of disk I/O operations.
Substitutes tio column (4a) for the avio (4) column and
sorts tio output column 4a in descending order according
to the total number of disk I/O operations. Used with the
-v option to inhibit interactive threshold comparison of
commands. Reads raw database file /var/adm/pacct only.
Does not include records from summary database file
/var/adm/savacct. Outputs the average number of seconds
per command in default columns 2, 3, and 4 instead of the
total time in minutes for the number of calls entered in
column 1 for each command. Sorts and outputs records
according to the value in the k output column 5 in
descending order. Substitutes k*sec column (5a) for the k
(5) column and sorts the k*sec output column in descending
order according to the value of the memory time integral.
Separates cpu column 3 into two columns. The new column
entries are column 3a, which lists the s (system) part of
the CPU minutes, and column 3b, which lists the u (user)
part of the CPU minutes. Outputs a 5-column file, which
provides the information in the following table. Listed
below in left-to-right order are the column identification
suffixes, or none when no suffix is used, and the purpose
of the column. Some columns are identical to the default
output format described in the table in the DESCRIPTION
section; these are marked with an asterisk (*). Username
or user ID as written in the /etc/passwd file. The total
number of processes executed by the user during the
accounting period. Same as column 3 in the default output
file. Same as column 4a in the default output file. Same
as column 5a in the default output file. Outputs the
default format sorted in descending order according to the
number of times each command was called. Substitutes, in
the default output format, the ratio of user CPU time (u)
to system CPU time (s) as u/s in column 3 in place of the
total user and system CPU time (cpu) for the number of
calls entered in the first column. The default format,
described under Description, is resorted in ascending
order according to the values entered in column 3, cpu
time. This sort is the reverse of the default sort.
Merges information in accounting database file
/var/adm/pacct with summary files you specify with the -U
and -S options, or merges the database file information
with information in default files /var/adm/usracct or
/var/adm/savacct. After the merge, database file
/var/adm/pacct is truncated. The use of this option also
implies the use of the -a option. Uses savefile as the
command summary file in place of file /var/adm/savacct.
Adds the re/cp column (3d) to the default format. Entries
in this column express the ratio of real time to total
(cpu) time, which is the sum of user and system time for
each command entered in the last column. Suspends all
other options and prints the user numeric ID, the CPU
time, memory usage, number of I/O operations, and the command
name for each command. Uses userfile as the user
summary file in place of file /var/adm/usracct to record
per-user statistics output with the -m option. Prints, as
a query, the name of each command used number times or
fewer to the standard output as follows:
command--
where command-- is the name of the command written
to the standard output by sa.
When you respond by typing y to the standard input,
the command record is omitted from a default-formatted
list at the end of the interactive command
queries written to the standard output. The columnar
values of the omitted record are totaled in an
added record whose command name is **junk** in the
last column of that list. When you type any other
character, the record for the queried command name
remains in the default output list at the end of
the interactive commands written to the standard
input.
Process accounting file name. If this optional operand is
absent, the sa command uses /var/adm/pacct as the default
process accounting file.
The sa command helps you manage the large volume of
accounting information that is generated each day when
system accounting has been enabled by the system administrator
or by the superuser.
When you use the -s option with the sa command, the information
in /var/adm/pacct is condensed into summary file
/var/adm/savacct, which contains a count of the number of
times each command was called and the amount of time system
resources were used.
Condensed information for each user is stored in
/var/adm/usracct. This condensed-information file conserves
storage space because on a large system the
/var/adm/pacct daily process file can grow by as many as
100 blocks per day. Summary files are normally read
before accounting files are, so that files produced by sa
include all available information.
When a file name is given as the last argument, the named
file is treated as the process accounting file. The
/var/adm/pacct file is the default process accounting
file.
When the sa command is invoked with no options, the
default output summary is an unheaded 6-column file consisting
of, in some cases, information having an identification
suffix in the column. The identification suffix may
be changed from the default (no options specified) output
format by using various options.
The following table lists the columns with left-to-right
reference column numbers (not included in output) for the
default format on the left, the identification suffix for
the entry when one is used (or none when one is not in the
middle), and the purpose of the information in that column
on the right.
Columns having more than one identification suffix
description (2 and 2a, for example) use the alternate suffix
designation in the same sa output printout column for
each of the listed alternate entries for the column. For
example, the second column has two possible suffix designations:
re and %. The re reference in the middle column
describes the information in the second column of the output
printed by the sa command when this suffix is used.
Correspondingly, the % reference describes the information
in the sa output when the % suffix is used.
1 none The number of times the command entered in the last
column (6) was called.
1a % When the -c option is used, sa adds this column
after column 1 to list the number of times the command
was called (entered in column 1) as a percentage
of the total number of times all commands
entered in the last column were called.
2 re The number of real-time (elapsed) minutes required
to execute the command entered in the last column
(6) as many times as is entered in the first column
(1).
2a % When the -c option is used, sa also adds this column
after column 2 to list the amount of real time
(entered in column 2) required to process the command
entered in the last column (6) as many time as
is entered in the first column (1), as a percentage
of the total amount of real time required to process
all of the commands listed in the last column.
3 cpu The number of CPU (user plus system) minutes used
to execute the command entered in the last column
(6) as many times as is entered in the first column
(1).
3a u The number of user CPU minutes used.
3b s The number of system CPU minutes used.
3c u/s When the -o option is used, substitutes u/s column
(3c) for the cpu (3) column and sorts the u/s output
column in descending order according to the
ratio of user CPU time to system CPU time.
3d % When the -c option is used, sa also adds this column
after column 3 to list the amount of CPU time
(entered in column 3) required to process the command,
entered in the last column, the number of
times, entered in the first column, as a percentage
of the total CPU time required to process all of
the commands listed in the last column.
3e re/cpu When the -t option is used, adds the re/cpu column
to the default output format. Entries in this column
express the ratio of real CPU process time to
total CPU time (cpu), which includes user and system
time. These entries appear after entries for
the cpu (3) column. The default output sort remains
unchanged.
4 avio The average number of input/output operations for
each listed command.
4a tio The total number of input/output operations for
each listed command.
5 k The average number of kiloblocks (blocks x 1024) of
memory used for each command process.
5a k*sec CPU storage-time integral in K-core seconds (seconds
x 1024).
6 none The command name. A trailing asterisk (*) indicates
a forked program.
Other considerations for entries in the printed sa output
are as follows: All times are expressed to nearest one
hundredth. The default format is sorted in descending
order according to the values entered in column 3, cpu
time. You should not share accounting files among nodes
in a distributed environment. Each node should have its
own copy of the various accounting files. When you are
also using /usr/sbin/acct/* accounting commands, do not
delete accounting records in the /var/adm/pacct process
accounting source file because these records also provide
information for summary data files when the -s option is
used.
Use the sa command with the -a option to summarize
accounting records for all commands entered in the
/var/adm/pacct process database file:
% sa -a
Commands used only once are summed with the entry
***other in the last column of the default output
format. Use the sa command with the -k option to
summarize accounting records according to the average
number of kiloblocks of memory used for each
command:
% sa -k
Specifies the command path Default process accounting
database file Default system process accounting summary
file Default user process accounting summary file
Commands: acct(8), acctcms(8), acctcom(8), acctcon(8),
acctmerg(8), acctprc(8), fwtmp(8), runacct(8)
sa(8)
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