wwpsof - Generic I18N (internationalized) print filter for
PostScript printers
/usr/lbin/wwpsof [-c] [-D data] [-h host-name] [+I inputtray]
[-i indent] [-K sides] [-l page-length] [-N numberup]
[-n login-name] [-O option-list] [+o output-bin] [-S
paper-size] [-v] [-w page-width] [+C pcf-file]...
[accounting-file]
Most of the options supported by wwpsof should be specified
by the user on the lpr command line rather than on
the wwpsof command line that you enter as the if or of
value in the /etc/printcap file. When the wwpsof command
is specified in the /etc/printcap file, you can include
options either to establish defaults (which a user can
override) or to hard code a particular setting (which the
user cannot override). To establish a default setting,
precede an option with a plus sign (+). To establish a
setting that the user cannot override, precede an option
with a hyphen (-). Options shown with a hyphen (-) in this
section and the SYNOPSIS are typically not included on a
wwpsof command line, and are left to user discretion.
Some print characteristics, such as vertical printing, can
be specified to the filter by using one of several
options. In these cases, the options that correspond to
those on the lpr command line are preferred. The alternative
options are supported for backward compatibility
between the wwpsof command line and the command lines of
older print filters.
Support for the listed options can vary from printer to
printer and the code required to communicate these options
can vary as well. Therefore, several wwpsof options will
work only if enabled by code entries in the printer customization
file specified by the +C option. See the
Printer Customization File section for detailed information.
Prints control characters. Tells the print filter
how to interpret the text. Valid values are: Interpret as
PostScript Interpret as plain ASCII text
This option is supported for backward compatibility.
The recommended alternative is -O format=input-format
Specifies the name of the job
owner's host system. This name can contain nonASCII
characters. Selects the default paper input
tray of the printer. Valid values are printer specific
and should be specified in the printer customization
file (PCF). This option corresponds to
-I on the lpr command line. Specifies the amount
of indentation in columns. The default value is 0
(no indentation). This option corresponds to -i on
the lpr command line. Specifies one- or two-sided
printing. Valid values are 1 or 2. You can use this
option only if the printer supports it and there is
appropriate encoding in the printer's PCF. This
option corresponds to -K on the lpr command line.
Specifies page length as the number of lines. The
default value is 66. Specifies the number of pages
to be printed per side on a sheet of paper. This
option requires support in the PCF and corresponds
to -N on the lpr command line. Specifies the login
name of the print job's owner. This name can contain
non-ASCII characters. Specifies options
related to page orientation and printing of a file.
The option-list value can include one option or
multiple options that are separated by commas (no
embedded spaces).
The wwpsof filter supports the following options
for option-list: Prints the specified number of
copies. Specifies the data format of the input
file. Valid values are text or ascii (for a text
input file) or post (for a PostScript input file).
Prints so that the printed output is parallel to
the long side of the page. Specifies the locale
setting in which the filter processes the input
file. Prints so that the printed output is parallel
to the short side of the page. Specifies the
range of pages to be printed, starting with page
number m and ending with page number n. This option
requires support in the PCF if the input file is in
PostScript format. Specifies vertical writing mode
for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean multibyte characters.
When this option is included, multibyte characters
are printed vertically in a rotated orientation;
however, any single-byte characters in the
text are still printed horizontally.
This option corresponds to the -O "vprint" option
on an lpr command line.
This option corresponds to the -O option on an lpr
command line. Specifies the default output bin on
the printer. Valid values are printer specific and
must be specified in the printer's PCF. This option
corresponds to the -o option on an lpr command
line. Specifies the paper-size. Valid values are:
Letter (the default), Executive, Legal, Tabloid,
A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, B0, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5,
and B6. Performs the same function as -O vprint.
Specifies the width of the page in columns. The
default values are 80 (for portrait orientation)
and 132 (for landscape orientation). Specifies the
printer customization file (PCF) to be used. See
the Printer Customization File section for more
information.
Specifies the file that logs accounting information for
print jobs.
The wwpsof filter is a generic text-to-PostScript converter
that converts the various single-byte and multibyte
characters used in an international environment to printable
PostScript input. The filter embeds all required
PostScript font data within the PostScript program. Therefore,
print jobs that include local language characters
can be printed on printers where local language fonts are
not resident. To use this filter with a printer, the
printer has to support PostScript Level 2 (or higher) or
PostScript Level 1 with the composite font extension.
The wwpsof filter uses PostScript outline fonts, if available.
Otherwise, the filter attempts to use one of two
types of bitmap fonts. The filter uses high-resolution,
rasterized, TrueType fonts or, if not available, it uses
low-resolution bitmap fonts. Bitmap fonts are available to
the filter only if it has access to a running X font
server. See the Printer Customization File section for
specifying the location of an X font server to the filter.
The wwpsof filter handles device-specific printer options
provided that an appropriate printer configuration file
(PCF) is supplied. The filter also performs accounting
functions. At the completion of each print job, accounting
records are written to the file specified by the af field
of the entry for the printer in /etc/printcap.
The filter can handle plain text files, files preprocessed
by nroff, and PostScript files generated by CDE applications.
All of these files can contain non-ASCII characters.
The wwpsof filter is sensitive to the locale setting.
When processing a character, the filter determines if the
character is printable in the current locale. The filter
also uses the codeset part of the locale setting to find
an appropriate font (whether outline, TrueType bitmap, or
low-resolution bitmap). Except for files in UTF-16 or
UCS-4 (UTF-32) format, users must set the locale appropriately
before printing files that contain characters in
languages other than English. If the locale setting for
the process is not appropriate for the input file, the
locale can be set specifically for the print job through
the -O locale=locale-name option.
The filter recognizes files in UTF-16 and UCS-4 (UTF-32)
data formats by the presence of Byte Order Marks (BOMs) in
the file. (It can recognize UTF-16LE and UTF-16BE without
the BOM.) See Unicode(5) for more information on data formats.
These files are printed by using the appropriate font or,
if necessary, combination of fonts.
You can specify wwpsof for both the of and if fields of an
/etc/printcap file entry. If the user's login name and
host system name contain non-ASCII characters, you must
specify wwpsof in the of field. Otherwise, you can omit
the value for of. See printcap(4) for more information
about defining /etc/printcap entries.
Printer Customization File [Toc] [Back]
The printer customization file (PCF) provides printer-specific
and wwpsof-specific information for controlling the
operation of a printer. The wwpsof filter uses
/usr/i18n/share/options/wwpsof.pcf as the PCF file. This
file has a generic set of font-handling tags that will
work with all supported PostScript printers but does not
contain any device-specific settings. For example, the PCF
file contains XLFD font specifications for Japanese and
Chinese scalable, bitmap fonts.
The operating system also provides a set of PCF files customized
for specific printers in the /usr/lbin/pcf directory.
These files have device-specific settings but no
font-handling information. The printer-specific PCFs are
supported by the pcfof filter, and the following ones,
which apply to PostScript printers, can also be used with
the wwpsof filter.
ln17ps.pcf ln17ps_a4.pcf hplj4000tn.pcf hplj4000tn_a4.pcf
hplj4mplus.pcf hplj4mplus_a4.pcf hplj5simx.pcf
hplj5simx_a4.pcf ln15.pcf ln15_a4.pcf ln20.pcf ln20_a4.pcf
ln40.pcf ln40_a4.pcf lnc02.pcf lnc02_a4.pcf
If one of these PCFs has settings appropriate for your
printer and you simply want to apply these printer-specific
values in addition to the font-handling definitions
in the wwpsof.pcf file, you can use the +C option to specify
the printer-specific PCF and do not need to specify
wwpsof.pcf at all. The wwpsof filter always applies the
settings in wwpsof.pcf unless they are redefined in a PCF
specified on the command line.
You can also create a customized PCF. The main reasons for
creating your own PCF are to: Change the font server location
The default PCF specifies the local system as the
font server. You might want to specify another system
for importation of TrueType or other bitmap
fonts. Add information about printer-resident
fonts
The default PCF does not include tags for these
fonts because they are printer specific. This
information also does not reside in the printerspecific
PCFs because the fonts available on a particular
printer may be site-specific. When it is
possible to use printer-resident fonts for characters,
the PostScript file produced by wwpsof can be
substantially smaller than when font glyphs must be
embedded in the file. So, it is worthwhile to create
a PCF that allows printer-resident PostScript
fonts to be used when these are available. Add or
override settings for printer-specific capabilities
None of these settings are included in the default
PCF and you may not find a printer-specific PCF
that meets all requirements for your printer.
The remainder of the information in this section explains
the contents of a PCF file so you can create or adapt one
to meet your printer and system requirements.
Note
If you do create a customized version of an existing PCF,
make sure your version has a file name different from any
system-supplied PCF name. Otherwise, an update installation
procedure will not recognize your PCF as being user
supplied and will replace it with an unmodified version of
the file you customized.
If you want to add only one or two entries to a printerspecific
PCF that already exists, the recommended practice
is to specify only the additional entries in your customized
PCF. Then you specify the existing PCF, followed
by your supplemental PCF, on the wwpsof command line. When
multiple PCFs are specified on the command line, entries
supplied by all of the PCFs apply. One PCF overrides
another only when there are multiple occurrences of the
same kind of entry. In this case, the entry defined in the
file you specify last in the command line is the one that
wwpsof uses.
Each entry in the PCF adheres to the following format:
tag: value
In this format, tag specifies the capability to be customized
and value is the setting or code for this capability.
A tag can be one or more keywords or a mix of keywords and
user-supplied values. There are two types of tags: those
that correspond to printer-specific capabilities and those
that are wwpsof-specific. The value for a tag that is
printer specific is frequently the code sequence that
needs to be sent to the printer to enable or exercise a
printer capability. The value for a tag that is wwpsof
specific controls font handling or codeset conversion. All
tags are named and described following the list of PCF
format rules.
Format rules for PCF entries include the following: To
continue a PCF entry to the next line, use the backslash
character (\) at the end of the line to be continued. To
include the backslash character in a value, enter two
backslashes (\\). To begin a comment, use an exclamation
mark (!). To specify a character by its octal value, use
a backslash (\) followed by three octal digits. For example,
\033 represents the escape character. A field that
begins with a slash (/) is interpreted as a file specification.
Printer-specific tags supported by wwpsof include the following
ones. These tags are a subset of the tags supported
by the pcfof filter. The reset sequence that is sent to
the printer The number of seconds to wait after sending
out a reset sequence The initialization sequence that is
sent to the printer at the beginning of a print job The
number of seconds to wait after sending out an initialization
sequence The termination sequence that is sent to the
printer at the end of a print job The number of seconds to
wait after sending out a termination sequence Code that
enables the PostScript interpreter. The number of seconds
to wait after sending the code to enable the PostScript
interpreter Code that disables the PostScript interpreter
The number of seconds to wait after sending the code to
disable the PostScript interpreter PostScript prolog
included in every print job Code that enables portrait
page orientation
This tag is optional; that is, the tag can be omitted
and the -O portrait option will still work as
long as the printer supports varying page orientation.
Code that enables landscape page orientation.
This tag is optional; that is, the tag can be
omitted and the -O landscape option will still work
as long as the printer supports varying page orientation.
Prolog code for input tray selection Code
for selecting the specified input tray Prolog code
for output bin selection Code for selecting the
specified output bin Code for printing on only one
side of a sheet of paper Code for printing on both
sides of a sheet of paper Code for printing multiple
pages per sheet of paper. This code is required
for the -N number-up option to work. The number-up
value is related to the number of an operand stack.
Code for printing multiple copies of a print job
This tag is optional; that is, the -O copies=number
option does not require it. Code for printing a
specified range of pages. (The m and n page numbers
of the -O range=m:n option correspond to positions
on an operand stack.)
This tag is required only for PostScript input
files; that is, the -O range=m:n option does not
require it for text input files. The supported
PostScript version
Font-handling tags include the following: Printer resolution
in the x direction Printer resolution in the y direction
Location of the font server. The default value is
localhost:7100. This value means that the font server is
the local system and has been set up to listen for client
connections at port 7100. For basic information about setting
up a font server, refer to X Window System Environment.
For information about using the /sbin/init.d/xfs
script to create a configuration file for autostarting the
font server, see the xfs(1X) reference page. The
/sbin/init.d/xfs script is provided to help set up the
font server so that it can be used with wwpsof. Keep in
mind that bitmap fonts, both high-resolution, TrueType,
fonts and low-resolution fonts require a running X font
server. The printer-resident font to be used for a particular
font type and codeset. See the discussion of font
specification tags that immediately follows this list.
The soft outline font to be used for a particular font
type and codeset. See the discussion of font specification
tags that immediately follows this list. The soft bitmap
font to be used for a particular font type and codeset.
See the discussion of font specification tags that immediately
follows this list. The codeset look-up sequence
that the filter follows for Unicode character conversion.
This value is a comma-separated list of codeset names. If
a Unicode character can be converted to a character in the
first codeset listed, the font supporting that codeset is
used for the character in the PostScript file. If the
character cannot be converted to that codeset, the filter
tries conversion by using the next codeset in the list. If
a Unicode character cannot be converted to a character in
any of the codesets listed, the character is ignored.
A PCF file can include multiple entries containing tags
that begin with font specification key words (ps resident
font, ps soft outline font, or ps soft bitmap font). In
addition to the key words, these tags include the following
parameters: The font type, which can be normal, bold,
italic, or bold-italic The name of any codeset supported
on a Tru64 UNIX system
The Japanese, Korean, Simplified Chinese, and Traditional
Chinese languages are supported by multiple
codesets, but only one codeset per language has
associated fonts. Therefore, when including entries
to support characters in one of the following languages,
specify only the codeset listed:
For Japanese, eucJP
For Korean, deckorean
For Simplified Chinese, dechanzi
For Traditional Chinese, eucTW
In the PCF file font definition, the Japanese font,
mincho, is assigned to the fdpc TrueType font that
is delivered on the Tru64 UNIX Japanese Extensions
CD-ROM. If the extensions are not installed, the
wwpsof filter falls back to the low-resolution
bitmap font.
The Chinese fonts are assigned to the Unicode, double-width,
font. Thus, you can provide a customized
PCF file that supports GB18030 characters set
printing with TrueType fonts.
The value part of a font-specification entry has the following
format: font-name [fprop] [plane:pmask]... [, ...]
In this format, font-name is the name of the font, such as
Courier-ISOLatin2 (example of an outline font name) or
-fdpc-mincho-medium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-c-0-jisx0212.1990-0
(example of a scalable, TrueType, bitmap font name).
The fprop value can be Mono (for monospace) or Prop (for
proportional).
The plane and pmask values are used only for fonts supporting
multiple codesets. In these cases, the filter
finds specific font data by using a logical OR operation
to combine a code point with the plane and pmask values.
A font-specification entry can contain multiple font listings,
separated by a comma and space. If there are multiple
plane:pmask pairs following a particular font name,
they are separated only by spaces. Following are three
examples of font-specification entries from the PCF file
that wwpsof uses by default:
ps soft outline font normal ISO8859-9: Courier-ISOLatin5
ps soft outline font bold eucTW : Hei-LightCNS11643-1
1:8080, \
Hei-LightCNS11643-2
2:8080
ps soft bitmap font normal deckorean: \ -dyna-munjomedium-r-normal--0-0-0-0-m-0-KSC5601.1987-1
1:8080, \
-adecw-myungcho-medium-r-normal--32-320-75-75-m-320-ksc5601.1987-1
1:8080
The value of the ps resident font tag must be a font that
is resident in the printer. If you are sure that nonLatin-1
fonts are printer resident and specify them in the
PCF, the wwpsof does not embed in the PostScript file any
glyphs for characters supported by those fonts. This
reduces the size of the PostScript print job and, if soft
bitmap fonts are the only alternative, improves the clarity
of the printed file. However, for Asian and many Eastern
European languages, printer-resident fonts are usually
available only on printers manufactured to support specific
local languages.
The value of the ps soft outline font tag must be one or
more PostScript outline fonts that are installed on the
local system. Outline fonts for characters included in the
Latin-1 character set are installed by default on a Tru64
UNIX system. Outline fonts for characters not included in
the Latin-1 character set can be installed from optional
subsets that are included in the Tru64 UNIX product kit.
For example, PostScript outline fonts for Chinese characters
are included in one of the software subsets that support
Chinese.
The value of the ps soft bitmap font tag must be one or
more TrueType or low-resolution bitmap fonts made available
through the X font server. Like outline fonts, bitmap
fonts are installed on the font server from optional subsets
that are included in the Tru64 UNIX product kit. The
X font server, which can be either the local system or a
remote system, sends fonts to the client application, in
this case, the wwpsof filter.
Setting up bitmap fonts in the PCF for a printer controlled
by the wwpsof filter allows CDE application users
to use that printer to print screen text that contains
local language characters. Furthermore, certain languages,
such as Japanese, are supported on a Tru64 UNIX system
only through printer-resident or bitmap fonts. The wwpsof
filter therefore enables hard copy printing of Japanese
text files for users who do not have a Japanese printer.
Because low-resolution bitmap fonts are primarily used for
screen displays, their resolution is not as crisp on the
printed page when compared to printer-resident, TrueType
bitmap, or outline fonts.
Embedding font data in PostScript files may increase the
size of the file beyond what printer memory can support.
If this happens, the wwpsof filter appends an error page
to the end of printed output to notify the user that the
file size exceeded printer capacity.
Commands: fsinfo(1X), fslsfonts(1X), lpr(1), lpd(8),
pcfof(8), xfs(1X)
Files: printcap(4)
Other: i18n_printing(5)
X Window System Environment
wwpsof(8)
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