restore, rrestore - Restores files from tapes written with
the dump or rdump command, respectively
/usr/sbin/restore -[function_option] [modifier_flag...]
[argument...]
/usr/sbin/rrestore -f dump_file -[function_option] [modifier_flag...]
[argument...]
The restore and rrestore commands are used to read files
and any associated extended attributes from a local or
remote tape, respectively, to local file systems.
Function Options
This option permits interactive restoration of files read
from the tape. After reading directory information from
the tape device, the restore or rrestore commands provide
a shell-like interface that allows you to select the files
you want to read. Some of the interactive commands
require as an arg parameter a subdirectory or filename.
When the arg parameter is unspecified, the default directory
is the current one. The interactive commands are
explained in the following list: Lists files in the current
directory or the directory specified with the arg
parameter. Directory entries are appended with a /
(slash) character. Entries that have been marked for
reading are prepended with a * (asterisk) character. When
the -v modifier flag is used, the inode number of each
entry is also listed. Changes the current directory to
the directory specified with the arg parameter. Prints
the pathname of the current directory to the standard output
device. Adds the files in the current directory or
the files specified by arg to the list of files to be read
from the tape (except when the -h option is used). Files
on the list of files to be read are prepended with the *
(asterisk) character when they are listed with the ls
interactive command. Deletes all the files in the current
directory or the files specified by the arg parameter from
the list of files to be read from the tape. Except when
the -h option is specified, all files and all files in
subdirectories of a directory specified with the arg
parameter are deleted.
An expedient way to select wanted files from any
directory whose files are stored on the tape is to
add the directory to the list of files to be read
and then delete the ones that are not wanted.
Reads all files on the list of files to be read
from the tape. The restore or rrestore command asks
which volume you want to mount and whether the
access modes of (dot) are affected.
A fast way to read a few files from the tape device
is to start with the last volume and work toward
the first volume. Sets owner, access modes, and
file creation times for all directories that have
been added to the files-to-read list; nothing is
read from the tape. This interactive command is
useful for cleaning up files after a restore or
rrestore command has been prematurely aborted.
Toggles the -v modifier (see the -v flag below).
When set, the verbose option causes the ls command
to list the inode numbers of all files in the list
of files to read. This interactive command also
causes the restore or rrestore command to output
information about each file to the output device
when the file is read. Lists a summary of the
available interactive commands. Outputs the tape
header information to the standard output device.
Exits immediately, even when the all the files on
list of files to read have not been read. Toggles
the debugging mode. Same as quit command. The
tape is read and all files are loaded into the current
working directory. The -r function option
should only be used to restore a complete dump into
an empty file system, or to restore a previous
incremental dump or rdump to the file system after
a full level 0 (zero) restoration of files. For
example: /sbin/newfs /dev/rdisk/dsk0g eagle
/sbin/mount /dev/disk/dsk0g /mnt cd mnt restore
-r
These four line entries are a typical sequence of
commands to restore a complete set of files from
tape to the raw disk whose device name is
/dev/rdisk/dsk0g and whose parameters are described
in the /etc/disktab file under the name eagle. The
file system name is /dev/disk/dsk0g and the directory
where the file system is mounted and to which
the files are written from the default tape device
is called /mnt.
Other restore or rrestore operations may be called
to restore additional files from a previous incremental
dump or rdump to the tape device. Note that
the restore or rrestore process writes a file named
restoresymtab to the current directory. The
restoresymtab file is used by these processes to
provide information for incremental file restorations
only; this scratch file has no other use and
so should be removed when files from the last
incremental storage medium has been restored. The
restoresymtab filename is appended with the node
identifier of the cluster member (member id), which
is always zero (0) for standalone systems. The
restore or rrestore command requests a particular
tape of a multivolume set on which to restart a
full restore (see the -r option). This allows
restore or rrestore to be interrupted and then
restarted. The files specified by the name parameter
are listed when they are stored on the tape.
When a name parameter is not specified, all files
in the root directory stored on the tape are
listed, except when the -h option is specified.
The files specified by the name parameter are read
from the tape device. When the name parameter
matches a directory whose contents are stored on
the tape, and the -h option is not specified, the
directory is recursively searched until all files
have been read. The file owner, time of modification,
and access mode are restored when possible.
When no file is specified with the name parameter,
the root directory is read from the tape device.
Reading of the root directory results in storage of
the entire file content from the tape, except when
the -h option has been specified.
Modifier Flags [Toc] [Back]
The argument that follows this modifier option is used as
the block size of the tape (in kilobytes). When this modifier
flag is not specified, restore or rrestore determines
tape block size dynamically as long as the maximum
number of tape blocks to be read (blocking factor) is less
than 128k. Otherwise, include this option with the appropriate
blocking factor. Reads an old style dump tape
(pre-4.2BSD file system). Debug mode. restore or
rrestore performs many internal checks about the consistency
of internal structures and prints debugging information
to the standard output. When an argument follows the
-f modifier flag, it is used as the name of the archive
device, replacing the default tape device
/dev/tape/tape0_d0. When the argument is the character -
(dash), restore or rrestore reads from standard input.
Thus, dump and restore or rdump and rrestore may be used
in a pipeline expression to copy file systems with the
following typical command: dump -0f - /usr | (cd
/mnt; restore -xf -) The argument that follows the -F
modifier flag is used as the name of the file from which
interactive input is read. As described in the foregoing
list of Function Flags for the -i function option, normally
standard input is read. The -F modifier flag allows
the interactive mode of the restore or rrestore command to
be obtained from a previously written command file (similar
to a shell script).
In the application described here, the following
are affected: The interactive interface A prompt
for the next volume number A prompt to set the
access mode for (dot)
Error recovery interaction and the verification of
operator readiness are not affected. For example,
if the file named inputfile contains the following
interactive command lines (the commands are taken
from the Function Flags list):
add delete foo add foo/bar extract 1 yes quit
issuing the command: restore -iF inputfile
uses the interactive mode to automatically mark
everything for reading (add), to unmark the subdirectory
(delete foo), to mark the file foo/bar (add
foo/bar), to read the marked files (extract), to
specify volume 1 (1) of the default tape, to set
the access mode for dot, (yes), and then quit
(quit). Use this modifier to restore files to a
specific directory level. The specific directory
level is the file name defined by the -x switch or
the -t switch (when using command mode) or a file
name in the argument list of the add or the delete
command (when using interactive mode). Files in the
named directory that are directories are not
restored. Thus, you can use this modifier to prevent
hierarchical restoration of complete subtrees.
When this modifier is specified, restore or
rrestore reads according to inode numbers rather
than filename. This read operation is useful when
only a few files are restored and you want to avoid
rewriting the complete pathname to each file.
Tells restore not to write to disk. This option
does not permit the process to act on files in the
current directory. The argument that follows this
modifier flag is used as the number (1 is the origin)
of the file to restore. This option is used
to write more than one dump file from the tape.
Normally the restore or rrestore commands do not
notify you about their progress in reading from the
storage device. When this modifier option is used,
the name of each file read from the tape is written
to the standard output device. When this modifier
is specified, restore or rrestore does not query
whether a tape error should cause the read operation
to abort, but instead the process attempts to
skip over the bad block(s) and continue the read
operation. Overwrites the existing files and links
without any query. When this flag is used, the
restore or rrestore does not overwrite existing
files.
The restore and rrestore commands are used to read files
and associated extended attributes (including ACLs, see
the acl(4) and proplist(4) reference pages), from a local
or remote file system backup (respectively). The file system
backup must have been written by the dump or rdump
command. The restore and rrestore commands only read
files to local file systems.
restore
The options bcdfhimrstvxyFNRYZ consist of function options
and modifier flags, which may be used in any logical combination,
but with a preceding - (dash) character. Each
group of options contains at most one function option and
possibly one or more modifier flags. Function options are
irtx and R; all other options are modifier options. Other
arguments specified with these commands are the file or
subdirectory name that specifies files to be restored.
The function options and modifier flags are described
under OPTIONS.
Unless the -h modifier flag is specified (see the -h
flag), inclusion of a directory name refers to all files
and recursively, all files in all subdirectories of that
directory.
rrestore
The rrestore command reads files from a remote magnetic
tape or other specified storage device. The files were
previously saved to tape with a dump or rdump command.
The rrestore command is identical in operation to restore,
except the -f function option must be specified, and the
dump_file parameter must have the form: machine:device
If you want to specify an IPv6 address for machine, you
must prefix the address with the \[ (backslash, left
bracket) characters and terminate the address with the \]
(backslash, right bracket) characters. Because the
bracket characters are shell metacharacters, your must
precede them with the backslash character.
The rrestore command starts remote server /usr/sbin/rmt on
the client machine to access the storage medium.
Do not use the restore or rrestore commands to extract an
archive on an AdvFS filesystem.
The restore or rrestore process may become confused when
doing incremental reads from tapes that were previously
written from an active file system.
A level 0 (zero) tape dump or rdump must be done after a
full restore. Because restore or rrestore runs without
kernel privileges, it has no control over inode allocation;
thus, a full restore must be done to get a new set
of directories that reflect new inode numbering, even when
the content of files are unchanged.
When the -Y flag is specified, all files, including hard
and symbolic links, are overwritten. When the -Y flag is
not specified, hard and symbolic links are not overwritten,
as in previous releases.
Attempting to do a restore/rrestore to a base directory
that has a default ACL or a default access ACL may cause
unintended ACLs to be created on the restored files and
directories. If ACLs are enabled on the system, check all
ACLs after the restore/rrestore.
Detects bad option characters.
Detects read errors. When the -y modifier flag has been
specified, or you respond with y, the process attempts to
continue the restore operation.
When a previous dump or rdump writes over more than one
storage device, restore or rrestore asks you to change a
filled volume.
When the -x or -i function option has been specified,
restore or rrestore also asks what volume you wish to
mount. Note, the restore -x command is silent if a pipe or
a regular file is involved.
A fast way to read a few files is to first mount the last
volume, and then mount other previous volumes working
toward the first volume.
There are numerous consistency checks that can be listed
by restore. Most checks are self-explanatory.
Common Errors [Toc] [Back]
Common errors are listed as follows: A tape previously
written from an old file system has been loaded. On reading,
the old file system was automatically converted to a
new filesystem format. One or more filenames specified by
the filename parameter was listed in the tape directory,
but was not found on the tape. This is caused by storage
device read errors when searching for a named file, or
when a previously written tape was created on an active
file system. A file that was not listed in the directory
was detected. This can occur when using a tape previously
created on an active file system. When doing incremental
restore, a tape that was written before the previous
incremental tape, or one that has too low an incremental
level has been loaded. When doing incremental restore or
rrestore, a storage process does not begin its coverage
where the previous incremental tape left off, or one that
has too high an incremental level has been loaded. A tape
read error has occurred. When a filename is specified,
its contents are probably partially wrong. When an inode
is being skipped, or the tape is trying to resynchronize,
no files read from tape have been corrupted although some
files may not be found on the tape. After a tape read
error, restore or rrestore may have to resynchronize
itself. This message lists the number of blocks that were
skipped.
Specifies the command path Specifies the command path The
default storage device. A file that lists directories
stored on the default tape. Owner, permission mode, and
timestamps for stored directories. Holds information
required during incremental restore or rrestore operations.
The file is created in the current working directory
and is appended with the node identifier of the cluster
member, such as
Commands: dump(8), rdump(8), mount(8), umount(8), newfs(8)
Files: acl(4), proplist(4)
restore(8)
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