Japanese, japanese - Introduction to Japanese language
support
There are two national standards that specify the Japanese
character sets used for information interchange. The JIS
X0201 standard specifies a single-byte character set that
consists of Roman letters and Katakana characters. The
JIS X0208 standard specifies a primary set of Japanese
ideographic characters. The operating system supports
both standards with coded character sets (codesets),
locales, device, and other kinds of system files.
Codesets [Toc] [Back]
There are several codesets available to support Japanese.
The following list describes both the codesets and the
strings that represent the codesets in the names of
locales, codeset converters, or both: See deckanji(5) for
more information about the DEC Kanji codeset. This codeset,
which is similar to ISO 2022-JP, is handled by conversion
to Tru64 UNIX Japanese codesets. This Fujitsu
codeset is handled by conversion to Tru64 UNIX Japanese
codesets. See iconv_JEF(5) for more information. This
Hitachi codeset is handled by conversion to Tru64 UNIX
Japanese codesets. See iconv_KEIS(5) for more information.
This IBM mainframe codeset is handled by conversion to
Tru64 UNIX Japanese codesets. See iconv_ibmkanji(5) for
more information. The default Japanese codeset. See
eucJP(5) for more information about the Japanese EUC codeset.
See sdeckanji(5) for more information about the
Super DEC Kanji codeset. The Shift JIS encoding format is
identical to the Microsoft code-page (cp932) format used
on PC systems. Therefore, you can use codeset converters
whose names contain SJIS to convert data to and from cp932
format.
See shiftjis(5) for more information about the
Shift JIS codeset. JIS KANJI characters can be
either JIS7 (representing characters in 7-bit
bytes) or JIS8 (representing characters in 8-bit
bytes). Depending on the kana input value, the
string that represents the JIS7 codeset in a codeset
converter name is either jis7, JIS7, or
jiskanji7.
JIS KANJI codesets are supported only for conversion
operations as indicated by the following
table. These codesets are not supported by locales
or for direct input and output.
----------------------------------------------------------
Codeset Codeset Conversion Terminal Code Conversion
----------------------------------------------------------
jis7 Yes Yes
jiskanji7 Yes No
jis8 No Yes
----------------------------------------------------------
See jiskanji(5) for more information about JIS
KANJI codesets, stty(1) for information about terminal
code conversion, and iconv_intro(5) for
information about codeset conversion. The ISO
2022-JP codeset is supported only for codeset conversion.
It is not supported by locales, for terminal
code conversion, or for direct input and output.
See ISO-2022-JP(5) for more information about the
ISO 2022-JP codeset. The ISO 2022-JPext codeset
(which is an extended version of ISO 2022-JP) is
supported only for codeset conversion. It is not
supported by locales, for terminal code conversion,
or for direct input and output.
See ISO-2022-JP(5) for more information about the
Extended ISO 2022-JP codeset. These encoding formats
are supported only through locales or codeset
converters, not for terminal code conversion or for
direct input and output.
See Unicode(5) for more information about UCS formats.
See Unicode(5) for more information about
UTF-8.
Locales [Toc] [Back]
The following list specifies Japanese locales for Japan
and the codesets they support:
ja_JP.deckanji, for DEC Kanji
ja_JP.eucJP, for Japanese EUC (the default Japanese locale)
ja_JP.sdeckanji, for Super DEC Kanji
ja_JP.SJIS, for Shift JIS
ja_JP.UTF-8, for UTF-8
The ja_JP.deckanji@ucs4 and ja_JP.SJIS@ucs4 locale variants
exist for applications that need to convert file data
in deckanji and SJIS format to UCS-4 process code to perform
certain character-classification operations. The
ja_JP.UTF-8 locale also uses UCS-4 format for process
code, but supports file code that conforms to the Unicode
and ISO 10646 standards.
You can use the locale command (see locale(1)) to display
the names of locales installed on your system. See
i18n_intro(5) for information on setting locale from the
operating system command line.
In the Common Desktop Environment (CDE), you also need to
set the session language. To do this, use the Language
menu that is accessed from the Options button of the Login
window.
Japanese-Specific Character Properties [Toc] [Back]
The Japanese locales (including the @ucs4 variants) define
the following properties (or classes) for characters:
Characters for which the isascii() function returns a
nonzero (TRUE) value English-language characters as
defined by the System V Multi-National Language Specification
(MNLS) User-defined and vendor-defined characters
(UDCs and VDCs) Ideographic characters as defined by the
System V Multi-National Language Specification (MNLS)
Digit characters as defined by JIS X0208 Katakana characters
and the voiced, semivoiced, and prolonged sound marks
as defined by JIS X0201 Hiragana characters as defined by
JIS X0208 All printable characters as defined by JIS X0201
All printable, right-hand side characters as defined by
JIS X0201 All printable characters as defined by JIS X0208
All printable characters as defined by JIS X012 Kanji
characters as defined by JIS X0208 and JIS X0212, the
Kanji iteration mark as defined in JIS X 0208, and the
Han-numeral zero as defined by JIS X0208 Katakana characters
as defined by JIS X0201 and JIS X0208; the voiced,
semivoiced, and prolonged sound marks as defined by JIS
X0208 and JIS X0201; the Katakana iteration marks as
defined by JIS X0208 Kana bracket characters as defined by
JIS X0201 and the parentheses characters as defined by JIS
X0208 The space character as defined by JIS X0208 Linedrawing
characters as defined by JIS X0208 Numbers as
defined by the System V Multi-National Language Specification
(MNLS) Parentheses and other paired symbols as
defined by JIS X0201 and JIS X0208 Phonograms as defined
by the System V Multi-National Language Specification
(MNLS) Special characters as defined by the System V
Multi-National Language Specification (MNLS) User-defined
characters Vendor-defined characters
These properties supplement the ones specified by the XSH
standard. Refer to locale(4), wctype(3), and iswctype(3)
for general information about how characters are assigned
properties in locales and how applications test characters
for supplemental properties.
Keyboards, Servers, and Input Methods
The operating system supports the following Japanese keyboards:
A Japanese version of the LK411 keyboard. This
model does not have special keys for Japanese input methods.
A Japanese version of the LK411 keyboard. A
Japanese version of the LK411 keyboard. This model provides
UNIX layout and special keys for Japanese input
methods. A Japanese version of the LK97W keyboard. This
model has special keys for Japanese input methods. A
Japanese version of the PC keyboard. This model has special
keys for Japanese input methods.
For the Motif environment, the operating system provides
the dxjim input server to support Japanese input methods.
For a CDE session, this input server is started automatically
if your session language is set to Japanese at login
time. Refer to the dxjim(1X) reference page for more
information about this input server and how to start it
from the command line.
There are two main mechanisms for entering Japanese characters:
Kana input, for entering Kana characters
The Kana input mechanism is provided by the
firmware of Japanese video terminals (see the
Japanese Terminals section). Input methods, for
entering two-byte Kanji characters, Kana characters,
letters, and symbols defined in JIS X0208.
Input methods allow characters to be entered and
converted to other characters. The four input methods
are as follows:
Romaji-to-Kanji
Kana-to-Kanji
Internal Code
JIS Ku-ten Code
In the Motif environment, you must load a Japanese key
mapping table (keymap) that is appropriate for your keyboard.
See keyboard(5) for information on loading a
keymap.
All the Japanese keyboards and keymaps support lockingshift
mode switching. In other words, you can enter
English characters in the Mode Switch Off state and Kana
characters in the Mode Switch On state. The keys used to
toggle the input mode differ according to whether you are
using a Japanese VT terminal or, in the Motif environment,
the keymap that has been loaded. For Japanese VT terminals,
press the Compose key. In the Motif environment
press the Compose, or Comp, key if there is one. Otherwise,
press the right Ctrl key. These keys are defaults
and can be changed by the user.
Japanese Terminals [Toc] [Back]
The operating system supports the VT282-J, VT382-J, and
VT383-J terminals for Japanese.
Running Motif Applications [Toc] [Back]
X or Motif applications require non-ASCII fonts to display
Japanese characters. This means that the font path must be
set appropriately before starting an application that displays
Japanese characters. An application can find
Japanese fonts in either of the following directories:
/usr/i18n/lib/X11/fonts/decwin/75dpi, for low resolution
display /usr/i18n/lib/X11/fonts/decwin/100dpi, for high
resolution display
For applications running under CDE, Japanese screen fonts
are found as long as they are installed on the system or
made available through a remote font server. In other
environments, you may need to use the following command to
check the font path before running a Japanese application:
% xset q
If one of the directories in the preceding list is not in
the font path, the following example shows how to add the
directory. You can substitute 100dp for 75dpi if you want
high resolution display. % xset +fp
/usr/i18n/lib/X11/decwin/75dpi/ % xset fp rehash
Printers [Toc] [Back]
The operating system supports the following Japanese
printers. The associated print filter is noted in parentheses
following the printer name. Japanese dot-matrix
printers
LA84-J (la84of)
LA86-J (la86of)
LA90-J (la90of)
LA280-J (la280of)
Japanese graphic line printers
LA380-J (la380of)
Japanese laser printers
LN03-J (ln03jaof)
LN05-J (ln05jaof)
Japanese PostScript printers
LN82R (ln82rof)
PostScript fonts for Japanese printers are printer resident.
To print Japanese text on generic PostScript
printers, you can customize a print filter to convert
Japanese bitmap fonts to PostScript font encoding. Refer
to wwpsof(8) for more information.
See i18n_printing(5) for a general discussion of printer
support options.
Commands: asort(1), locale(1), lp(1), lpr(1), dxjim(1X),
xset(1X), lpd(8), lprsetup(8)
Files: printcap(4)
Others: code_page(5), deckanji(5), eucJP(5),
i18n_intro(5), i18n_printing(5), iconv_ibmkanji(5),
iconv_intro(5), iconv_JEF(5), iconv_KEIS(5), iso2022jp(5),
jiskanji(5), keyboard(5), l10n_intro(5), sdeckanji(5),
shiftjis(5), Unicode(5)
Using International Software
Japanese(5)
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