flock - apply or remove an advisory lock on an open file
Standard C Library (libc, -lc)
#include <fcntl.h>
#define LOCK_SH 1 /* shared lock */
#define LOCK_EX 2 /* exclusive lock */
#define LOCK_NB 4 /* don't block when locking */
#define LOCK_UN 8 /* unlock */
int
flock(int fd, int operation);
flock() applies or removes an advisory lock on the file associated with
the file descriptor fd. A lock is applied by specifying an operation
parameter that is one of LOCK_SH or LOCK_EX with the optional addition of
LOCK_NB. To unlock an existing lock operation should be LOCK_UN.
Advisory locks allow cooperating processes to perform consistent operations
on files, but do not guarantee consistency (i.e., processes may
still access files without using advisory locks possibly resulting in
inconsistencies).
The locking mechanism allows two types of locks: shared locks and
exclusive locks. At any time multiple shared locks may be applied to a
file, but at no time are multiple exclusive, or both shared and exclusive,
locks allowed simultaneously on a file.
A shared lock may be upgraded to an exclusive lock, and vice versa, simply
by specifying the appropriate lock type; this results in the previous
lock being released and the new lock applied (possibly after other processes
have gained and released the lock).
Requesting a lock on an object that is already locked normally causes the
caller to be blocked until the lock may be acquired. If LOCK_NB is
included in operation, then this will not happen; instead the call will
fail and the error EAGAIN will be returned.
Locks are on files, not file descriptors. That is, file descriptors
duplicated through dup(2) or fork(2) do not result in multiple instances
of a lock, but rather multiple references to a single lock. If a process
holding a lock on a file forks and the child explicitly unlocks the file,
the parent will lose its lock.
Processes blocked awaiting a lock may be awakened by signals.
Zero is returned if the operation was successful; on an error a -1 is
returned and an error code is left in the global location errno.
The flock() call fails if:
[EAGAIN] The file is locked and the LOCK_NB option was specified.
[EBADF] The argument fd is an invalid descriptor.
[EOPNOTSUPP] The argument fd refers to an object other than a file.
[EINVAL] The argument operation does not include one of
LOCK_EX, LOCK_SH or LOCK_UN.
close(2), dup(2), execve(2), fork(2), open(2)
The flock() function call appeared in 4.2BSD.
BSD December 11, 1993 BSD
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