icrash(1M) icrash(1M)
icrash - IRIX system crash analysis utility
icrash [-e cmd] [-f cmdfile] [-n bounds] [-r] [-v] [-w outfile]
[-S] [-M path] [-I path ] namelist corefile
icrash is a hands-on utility that generates detailed kernel information
in an easy-to-read format. icrash also provides the ability to generate
reports about system crash dumps created by savecore(1M). Depending on
the type of system crash dump, icrash can create a unique report that
contains information about what happened when the system crashed. icrash
can be run on live systems or with any namelist and corefile specified on
the command line.
namelist contains symbol table information needed for symbolic access to
the system memory image being examined. The default namelist is /unix,
which is used when analyzing a live system. If the memory image being
analyzed is from a system core dump (vmcore.N.comp), then namelist must
be a copy of the unix file that was executing at the time of the crash
(unix.N).
corefile is a file containing the system memory image. The default
corefile is /dev/mem, which provides access to system memory when
analyzing a live system. corefile can also be a pathname to a file
(vmcore.N.comp) produced by the savecore(1M) utility.
The icrash command has the options listed below. By default, all
information is sent to the standard output, unless the -w option is used:
-e cmd Specifies on the command line a set of commands that icrash
runs automatically. If more than one command is specified,
or if there are any command line options, then cmd must be
enclosed within quotation marks.
-f cmdfile Specifies a cmdfile that contains a set of commands that
icrash runs automatically.
-n bounds bounds specifies the numeric value associated with a
particular namelist/corefile pair.
-r Generates a standard report for the namelist and corefile
specified. The reporting style differs slightly depending
on the type of system dump being analyzed (panic or NMI).
-v Prints the current version number.
-w outfile Writes any generated output to outfile.
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-S Suppresses all output except that which comes from icrash
commands. Normally used in conjunction with the -e flag.
-M path Specifies the PATH to search for loading macros either on
startup or when the 'load' command is issued at the icrash
prompt. On startup all files in these directories are loaded
automatically. The default macro path is
~/.icrash:/usr/share/sial/icrash. The environment variable
LC_MPATH can be used for that perpose also. (see MACROS
section below)
-I path Specifies the PATH to search for #include directives in
macro files. The default value for this path is
~/.icrash/include:/usr/share/sial/icrash/include:/usr/include.
The environment variable LC_IPATH can be used for that
perpose also. (see MACROS section below)
In order to generate a crash report, you must invoke the icrash command
using the -r flag. For example:
icrash -r namelist corefile
This creates an ICRASH CORE FILE REPORT that prints to standard output.
The resulting report can then be analyzed to determine what type of
failure caused the system to crash and dump core. Note that you cannot
use the -r flag to generate a crash report on a live system.
Input during an icrash session is of the form:
command [argument ... ]
where command is one of the icrash commands described in the COMMANDS
section of this reference page and argument is qualifying data that
determines the specific behavior of the icrash command, which kernel
structure to print, the number of items to display, etc.
The following options are available to all icrash commands wherever they
are semantically valid (see the COMMANDS section below).
-a Display all entries -- even those that are currently
unallocated, on a free list, or have a reference count of
zero.
-f Display additional (full) information for a structure. Note
that information from all of the fields will not necessarily
be displayed. Only those fields that are deemed to be most
useful to the debugging process. The icrash print command
can be used to display the contents of entire kernel
structures.
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-n Follow the links of related kernel structures to their
logical conclusion. For example, when used with the stream
command, information for the stdata structure for the stream
is displayed, followed by information on each of the queue
pairs on the stream.
-w outfile Redirect the output of a commands to the named outfile.
The output from all icrash commands can be piped to various IRIX commands
in the following manner:
command [ argument ... ] | shell_command
Depending on the context of the command, numeric arguments are assumed to
be in a specific radix. Counts are assumed to be decimal. Addresses are
always hexadecimal (with or without a leading 0x). Table address
arguments larger than the size of a table are interpreted as hexadecimal
addresses; those smaller are assumed to be decimal slots in the table.
Below is a list of the interactive commands that are included with
icrash. Please note that this list can change from one release to the
next. To get an on-line list of all the commands available within
icrash, use the help command.
addtype namelist [symbol_list]
Read in all the type definitions from namelist. The object file with
the desired type definitions in the namelist must be compiled with
debugging flags turned on (-g). If a data type of a particular name
is already know by icrash, then icrash will not load that type. Note
that caution should be used when intermixing 32-bit object namelists
with this command when debugging 64-bit vmcores and viceversa.
anon [-a] [-f] [-n] [-w outfile] anon_list
Display the anon structure located at each virtual address included
in anon_list. If the -a option is specified, the pfdats in the
pcache is displayed in ascending order of their page numbers. Use
the -f option if the command hangs when used with the -a option. The
-f option displays all the pfdat's in the pcache on a "first-find"
basis.
anontree [-a] [-f] [-n] [-w outfile] anon_list
Display the anon tree structure for each virtual address included in
anon_list.
avlnode [-f] [-n] [-w outfile] avlnode_list
Display the avlnode structure located at each virtual address
included in avlnode_list. If the -n option is specified, the root of
the avltree is identified (using the parent pointer contained in the
avlnode structure) and all the avlnodes in the tree are displayed.
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base numeric_value ...
Display a number in binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal. A
number in a radix other then decimal should be preceded by a prefix
that indicates its radix as follows: 0x, hexadecimal; 0, octal; and
0b, binary.
config [-f] [-w outfile] [cpu_list]
Display the board configuration for a system using the information
contained in the hwgraph.
ctrace [-a] [-f] [-w outfile] [cpu_list]
Displays a stack trace for each CPU included in cpu_list. If
cpu_list is empty and defkthread is set, ctrace displays a stack
trace for the cpu that defkthread was running on. If defkthread is
not set, ctrace displays a trace for the cpu dumpproc was running
on. If there isn't any dumpproc, ctrace displays a stack trace for
the cpu that initiated the dump (based on the SP saved in dumpregs).
Or, if the -a option is included in the command line, ctrace
displays a stack trace for each cpu in the system.
curkthread [-f] [-w outfile]
Display the process, sthread, or xthread entry for the kthread
currently running on all CPUs.
defkthread [-w outfile] [kthread]
Set the default kthread if one is indicated on the command line.
Otherwise, display the current value of defkthread. When icrash is
run against a system core dump, defkthread gets set automatically to
the kthread that was active when the system panic occurred. When
icrash is run on a live system, defkthread does not get set.
The defkthread value is used by icrash in a number of ways. The
trace command will display a stack trace for the default kthread if
one is set. Also, the translation of certain kernel virtual
addresses (primarily those contained in the kernelstack) depend upon
defkthread being set.
die [-w outfile] [die_addr]
Print out a DWARF information entry at a given die_addr.
dirmem [-b|-o|-d|-h] [-s] [-m] [-p] [-e] [-r low[-hi]] addr
Display contents of the directory memory. The memory address addr
can be given as a kernel symbolic address (example could be 'dirmem
fork', or a hexadecimal address such as 'dirmem 0xa800000f47160000'.
The leading '0x' can be omitted, the address will be understood to
be hexadecimal.
dirmem -h|-help
Display more expanded help info.
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dis [-f] [-w outfile] dis_addr [count]
Display the disassembled code located at dis_addr for count
instructions. The default count is 1.
dump [-d] [-o] [-x] [-B] [-D] [-H] [-W] [-w outfile] addr [count]
Display count values starting at virtual address addr in one of the
following formats: decimal (-d), octal (-o), or hexadecimal (-x).
The default format is hexadecimal, and the default count is 1.
eframe [-w outfile] eframe_addr
Display the exception frame (containing a register dump, EPC, cause
register, and status register) located at eframe_addr.
etrace [-f] [-w outfile] eframe_addr
Display a stack trace using the PC and SP found in the exception
frame pointed to by eframe_addr. The stack address is determined
using the stack pointer from the exception frame. Note that
defkthread must be set equal to the appropriate kthread when
stack_addr is from the kernelstack or when stack_addr is the CPU
interrupt stack and there is a kthread running on that CPU.
eval [C code]
Execute a piece of C code inside the sial interpreter and
preprocessor. Any valid C code or preprocessor commands can be
given. Apart from standard expressions the following can also be
executed.
Global variables can be set from the command line:
example: >> eval int myglobal=3;
Preprocessor defines can also be set from the command line:
example: eval #define MYDEBUG 1
Unified types and values can be printed (unified types are all types
defined by the images and by already loaded sial scripts) like so:
example: >> eval print(struct mystruct); or
eval print(*(struct mystruct)0xabcd1234);
With no arguments, eval will read input untill end of file is
encountered or ^D. Because of the above feature the -w is not
supported for eval. use the outfile command to achieve the same
result.
file [-a] [-n] [-p proc_spec] [vfile_list]
This command lists opened files on the system. Use -n to display
intermediate values (vnode, snode etc..). Use -p proc_spec to list
files for a specific process. proc_spec is either a 'struct proc*'
or a '#' followed by a pid.
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findsym [-f] [-w outfile] address_list
Locate the kernel symbol closest to each virtual address contained
in address_list.
from cmdfile
Read in commands from cmdfile and run them as if typed from the
icrash command line. Note that the -w option and pipe (|) option
are not valid options for the from command. These options can,
however, can be included in the commands contained in cmdfile.
fstype [-w outfile] [vfssw_list]
Display the vfssw structure for each entry in vfssw_list. Entries
in vfssw_list can take the form of a virtual address or vfssw table
slot number. If no vfssw entries are specified, display the entire
vfssw table.
func [-w outfile] [func_addr]
Print out information about the function located at func_addr.
help [all | command_list]
Display a description of the named commands, including command
syntax and an overview of how to use the command. The all option
displays help information for every command.
history [-w outfile]
Dump out the last 20 history commands. You can also use ! to access
old commands (including !!, !-N, etc.)
hubreg [-b|-o|-d|-x] [-s] [-n n] register
Display contents of a hub register. The register name can be given
in upper case or in lower case or even as a full address. If the
address corresponds to a real hub register, its name will be found
and displayed. The register given by its name (and not by its
address), does not have to be its full name, only the first so many
letters making its name unique are needed. If a unique match cannot
be found, the command will list all the register names matching the
characters given, and you can then pick up the correct one from the
list.
hubreg -l|-list
List all defined register names.
hubreg -h|-help
Display more expanded help
hubreg -listacc
Display info on access mode definitions.
hwpath [-f] [-w outfile] element_lsit
Display all pathnames from the /hw file system that terminate with
the names included in element_list, or that contain label names
included in element_list. If no names are specified, display all
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unique pathnames. Unique pathnames are ones that terminate in a file
or symbolic link rather than in a directory. When the hwpath command
is issued with a -f command line option, the vertex handle for each
element in the path is also displayed. Note that the hwpath command
provides a view of the the internal hwgraph data structures which
are are presented to the user via a filesystem-like interface.
inode [-f] [-w outfile] inode_list
Display the inode structure located at each virtual address included
in inode_list.
inpcb [-f] [-w outfile] inpcb_list
Display the inpcb structure located located at each virtual address
included in inpcb_list.
kthread [-a] [-f] [-w outfile] [kthread_list]
Display relevant information for each entry in kthread_list. If no
entries are specified, display information for all active kthreads
(processes, xthreads, and sthreads). Entries in kthread_list should
be in the form of a virtual address.
klist [-s] [-u] [-x]
With no addition arguments, this command gives a list of all
kthreads on the system. If one or more of the -s, -u, -x options are
supplied, then the corresponding list(s) of threads is given i.e.
sthreads, uthreads and/or xthreads.
ktrace [-a] [-f] [-w outfile] [kthread_list]
Displays a stack trace for each kthread included in kthread_list.
Entries in kthread_list should be in the form of a virtual address.
lsnode [-f] [-w outfile] lsnode_list
Display the lsnode structure located at each virtual address
included in lsnode_list.
mbuf [-a] [-f] [-n] [-w outfile] mbuf_list
Display the mbuf structure located at each virtual address included
in mbuf_list. In irix6.5 the mbuf command when used with the -a
option will display details of all the mbufs allocated on the system
along with output similar to the "netstat -m" output on a live
machine.
memory [-f] [-w outfile]
Display information about the memory installed on each node in the
system. If the memory command is issued with the -f option, display
information about the memory contained in each memory slot on each
node.
mlinfo [-a] [-f] [-n] [-w outfile] mlinfo_list.
Display information from the ml_info struct for each virtual address
included in mlinfo_list.
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mntinfo [-f] [-n] [-w outfile] mntinfo_list
Display the mntinfo structure for each virtual address included in
mntinfo_list. The mntinfo contains information about NFS mounted
file systems.
mrlock [-f] [-n] [-w outfile] mrlock_list
Display the mrlock_s structure located at each virtual address
included in mrlock_list. If the -f command line option is specified,
display all queues of WAITERS and HOLDERS. If the -n command line
option is specified (in conjunction with the -f option), then walk
each queue displaying information on associated kthreads.
nodepda [-f] [-w outfile] [nodepda_list]
Display the nodepda_s structure associated with each item in
nodepda_list. Entries in nodepda_list can take the form of a node ID
or a virtual address pointing to a nodepda_s struct in memory. If
nodepda_list is empty, information for all nodes will be displayed.
outfile [outfile]
Set outfile (the file where all command output is sent) if outfile
is indicated. Otherwise, display the current value of outfile.
pager [-w outfile] [on | off]
When pager is on, all command output is piped through pg. When the
pager is off, all output is printed continuously without page
breaks. When the pager command is issued without a command line
option, the current state of the pager is displayed (on or off).
Note that when the pager is on, command output cannot be redirected
to a pipe.
pda [-f] [-w outfile] cpu_list
Display the pda_s structure associated with each item in cpu_list.
Entries in cpu_list can take the form of a CPU ID or a virtual
address pointing to a pda_s struct in memory. If cpu_list is empty,
the pda_s structure for all CPUs will be displayed.
pde [-w outfile] pde_list
Display the pde (page descriptor entry) structure located at each
virtual address included in pde_list.
pfdat [-a] [-f] [-w outfile] pfdat_list
Display the pfdat structure located at each virtual address included
in pfdat_list. If the -a flag is issued, display all of the pfdat
structures on the system (one per physical page).
pid [-a] [-f] [-w outfile] pid_list
Display the pid_entry structure for each entry in pid_list. Entries
in pid_list can take the form of a pid table slot number, process
PID (following a #), or a virtual address. If no entries are
specified, display all active (in use) pid entries.
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pregion [-a] [-f] [-n] [-p proc] [-w outfile] [-u uthread] [pregion_list]
Display the pregion structure located at each virtual address
included in pregion_list. If the -p option is used, display all
pregions allocated to proc. When used with the -n option display all
the pde information for the proc or uthread specified with the -p or
-u options respectively. proc can be specific as a process PID
(following a #) or virtual address.
print [-d] [-o] [-x] [-w outfile] expression
Evaluate expression and print the result. An expression can consist
of numeric values, operators, kernel variables, typedefs,
struct/union members, or a combination of above. The following are
examples of valid expressions:
(((2*3+4/2)*2+(2/6))/2)
*((struct socket*)0xa80000001019f2c8)->so_rcv->sb_mb
(((pte_t*)0xa8000000005ef088)->pte_pfn)<<14|0xa800000000000000
printd [-w outfile] expression
The printd command is the same as the print command except that all
integers are printed as decimal values.
printo [-w outfile] expression
The printo command is the same as the print command except that all
integers are printed as octol values.
printx [-w outfile] expression
The printx command is the same as the print command except that all
integers are printed as hexadecimal values.
proc [-a] [-f] [-l] [-t] [-h] [proc list]
This command displays various information about processes. Option
-t gives a list of the current timers for each threads and a
aproximated elaps time (in seconds) in the corresponding state.
Option -l Show the complete command line w/ arguments. Option -h
show the hiearchy of processes. Option -a gives the list of all
processes (default) Option -f gives a full listing of each process
including opened files
ptov [-w outfile] address_list
Display all possible virtual address mappings (K0, K1, and K2) for
each entry in address_list. Entries in address_list can be a
hexadecimal physical address or a PFN (following a #).
queue [-f] [-n] [-w outfile] queue_list
Display the queue structure located at each virtual address included
in queue_list. If the next option (-n) is specified, a linked list
of queues, starting with each specified queue then following the
q_next field, is displayed.
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quit Exit icrash. Note that q prompts for confirmation unless a ! is
appended to the command line.
region [-f] [-n] [-p proc] [-w outfile] region_list
Display the region structure located at each virtual address
included in region_list. If the -p option is used, display all
regions allocated to proc. proc can be specific as a process PID
(following a #) or virtual address.
report [-w outfile]
Print out the base report automatically generated by the savecore
script when the system comes back up after a system crash.
rnode [-f] [-n] [-w outfile] rnode_list
Display the rnode structure for each virtual address included in
rnode_list. The rnode contains information about a virtual node that
acts as an interface between two NFS systems.
runq [-c] | [-g] | [cpulist]
This command displays the current run queues on all cpus , the
global RT queue and cpuset queues. Use cpulist to limit the report
to only some cpus. Use the -g option to limit the report to the
global queues. Use the -c option to limit the report to the cpuset
queues.
sbe [-w outfile]
Print out the single bit error information for a Challenge or Onyx
system (including R8K and R10K systems), assuming the right single
bit flags in the kernel are turned on.
search [-B] [-D] [-H] [-W] [-w outfile] [-m mask] pattern [address] [length]
Locate contiguous bytes of memory that match the values contained in
pattern, beginning at address for length bytes. pattern consists of
a string of, from one to 256 hexadecimal digits (with no embedded
spaces). For full word searches (the default), the first word of
mask is anded (&) with each word of memory and the result compared
against the first word in pattern (which is also anded with the
first word of mask). If there is a match, subsequent words in memory
are compared with their respective words in pattern (if there are
any) to see if a match exists for the entire pattern. If the -D
option is issued, the search is conducted on double word boundaries.
If the -H option is issued, the search is conducted on halfword
boundaries. If the -B option is issued, the search will be performed
without regard to double word, word or halfword boundaries. If a
mask is not specified, mask defaults to all ones for the size of
pattern. For all but string searches, the number of hex digits
specified for pattern cannot be less than will fit into the memory
boundary size specified. For example, patterns for halfword boundary
searches, must contain (at least) eight hex digits (two per byte).
Also, any extra digits beyond the specified boundary will be trimmed
off from the right side of the input line.
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In addition to finding matches for hex values in memory, it is
possible to search for strings of characters as well. Just begin and
end the character search pattern with double quotes ("). The ASCII
value for each character in the string will form the corresponding
byte values in the search pattern.
address can be specified as either a virtual address (K0, K1, K2,
etc.), a physical address, or as a PFN (directly following a pound #
sign). If no address is specified (or if the one specified does not
map to a valid physical memory address), address defaults to the K0
address mapped to the start of physical memory. An optional length
parameter specifies the number of bytes to search. If length is not
specified, it will be set equal to the size of physical memory minus
the starting physical address. Note that length can be specified
ONLY when an address has been specified.
sema [-f] [-w outfile] [sema_list]
Display the sema_s structure located at each virtual address
included in sema_list. With the -f option a list of waiters, waiting
on the sema, are displayed.
sh [command]
Escape to the shell with no arguments or execute command. Note that
it uses your SHELL environment variable to determine which shell to
use.
sizeof structure[.field]
Dump out the size of structure entered on the command line. The
value returned will be in bytes. The user can also use a
structure.field notation in order to find out what the size of a
field in structure. If the sizeof command is unable to find
structure or field, then the structure information is not located in
the symbol table. Also note that the sizeof command only returns the
size of struct and union types.
slpproc [-w outfile]
Print out the set of sleeping processes on the system.
socket [-f] [-n] [-w outfile] [socket_list]
Display the socket structure for each virtual address included in
socket_list. If no entries are specified, display all sockets that
are currently allocated. If the next option (-n) is specified, a
linked list of protocol control block structures associated with
each socket will also be displayed.
stack [-w outfile] stack_pointer
Print out the stack type, stack address, and stack size for a the
stack stack_pointer is from. If stack_pointer is from a kthread
stack, then defkthread must be set equal to the address of the
appropriate kthread.
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stat [-w outfile]
Display system statistics and the putbuf array, which contains the
latest messages printed via the kernel printf/cmn_err routines.
sthread [-a] [-f] [-w outfile] [sthread_list]
Display relevant information for each entry in sthread_list. If no
entries are specified, display information for all active sthreads.
Entries in sthread_list can take the form of a virtual address.
strace [-a] [-f] [-l] [-w outfile] [pc] [sp] [stack_addr] [level]
Displays all complete and unique stack traces (containing level or
more stack frames) from the stack starting at stack_addr. If level
isn't specified, then each stack trace must have at least five
frames to be considered valid. Alternately, use a specific pc and sp
to generate a stack trace from the stack starting at stack_addr. Or,
when the -l command line option is specified, displays a list of all
valid kernel code addresses contained in the stack starting at
stack_addr, along with their location in the stack, source file and
line number. Or, if the -a option is specified, display ALL traces
of level or more frames, including invalid traces and duplicate
(sub) traces. Note that defkthread must be set equal to the kthread
being analyzed when stack_addr is the kernel stack address or the
CPU interrupt stack and there is a process running on that CPU. This
is necessary so that the trace can automatically "jump" from the
first stack to the kernel stack of the process being analyzed.
stream [-a] [-f] [-n] [-w outfile] [stream_list]
Display the stdata structure for each virtual address included in
stream_list. If no entries are specified, display all streams that
are currently allocated. If the next option (-n) is specified, a
linked list of queues that are associated with the stream is also
displayed.
strings [-w outfile] start_address | symbol [count]
Display count strings of ASCII characters starting at start_address
(or address for symbol).
strstat [-f] [-w outfile]
Display information about streams related resources (streams,
queues, message blocks, data blocks, and zones).
struct [-f] [-l] [-n] [-w outfile] struct addr
Print structure information for struct using the block of memory
pointed to by addr.
swap [-f] [-w outfile] [swap_list]
Dump out the list of swap devices, including the vnodes that are
represented. The number of pages, number of free pages, number of
max pages, priority, and device are listed. The -f flag dumps out
the name of the swapinfo entry as well.
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symbol [-f] [-w outfile] symbol_list
Displays information about each kernel symbol included in
symbol_list.
tcp [-f] [-w outfile] tcpcb_list
Display the tcpcb structure for each virtual address included in
tcpcb_list.
tlbdump [-w outfile] [cpu_list]
Display TLB information for each CPU indicated in cpu_list. If no
CPUs are indicated, TLB information for all CPUs is displayed.
trace [-a] [-f] [-w outfile] [kthread_list]
Displays a stack trace for each kthread included in kthread_list. If
kthread_list is empty and defkthread is set, then a stack trace for
the default kthread is displayed. If defkthread is not set, then a
trace will be displayed for the process stored in dumpproc. If there
isn't any dumpproc, then trace displays a trace for the cpu that
generated the core dump.
type [-w outfile] [symbol] | type_addr
Display the contents of memory starting at addr using the type
definition type to format the output. Structures, unions, etc. are
displayed in a manner similar to the way they were originally
defined. The values contained in the various struct/union members
are displayed in accordance with their type declarations. For
example, kernel addresses are displayed as hexadecimal values,
signed and unsigned integers are displayed as decimal values, etc.
Struct/union members that are themselves structs or unions are
expanded in the much the same way. Alternately, if a kernel symbol
is entered, instead of type_addr, an attempt is made to determine
the type of the symbol. If the type can be determined, it will be
displayed as described above.
unpcb [-f] [-w outfile] [unpcb_list]
Display the unpcb structure for each virtual address included in
unpcb_list.
uthread [-l] [-f] [-n] [-k] [-S] [-w outfile] uthread_list
Display relevant information for each entry in uthread_list. If no
entries are specified, display information for all active uthreads.
When the -S command line option is specified, displays a list of all
siblings for the specified uthread. Entries in uthread_list can take
the form of a process PID (following a '#'), or virtual address.
Note that with the PID option, all uthreads that share a specified
PID will be displayed. When the -k command line option is specified,
display all uthread_s structs as kthread structs. When -l is used,
only the uthreads contributing to the load average are shown.
vertex [-a] [-f] [-w outfile] [vertex_list]
Display the graph_vertex_s structure located at each virtual address
included in vertex_list.
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vfs [-f] [-w outfile] vfs_list
Display the vfs structure for each virtual address included in
vfs_list.
vnode [-a] [-f] [-n] [-w outfile] vnode_list
Display the vnode structure for each virtual address included in
vnode_list.
vproc [-a] [-f] [-n] [-w outfile] vproc_list
Display the vproc structure for each virtual address included in
vproc_list.
vsocket [-a] [-f] [-n] [-w outfile] vsocket_list
Display the vsocket structure for each virtual address included in
vsocket_list.
vtop [-w outfile] address_list
Display all possible virtual address mappings (K0, K1, and K2) for
each virtual address in address_list.
walk [-f] [-l] [-s] [-w outfile] [struct field|offset addr] [addr offset size]
Walk a linked list of kernel structures or memory blocks. The walk
command has three modes of operation. By default, output from the
walk command consists of a linked list of formatted structure
entries. Each entry contains a single line of output, similar to the
output of other icrash commands. The list of structures which can be
displayed in this manner is limited. To see a listing, issue the
walk (or struct) command with the -l command line option. Note that
when viewing the list of structures, only those structures marked
YES in the LINKS column contain links that can be followed. When the
walk command is issued with the -s option, each structure is
displayed, in its entirity, in a C-like format. The only limitation
on which structures can be walked in this manner is that structure
related information must be contained in the kernel's symbol table.
Even if information about a structure is not available, it is
possible to do a hex memory dump of each structure in the list.
With the first two options outlined above, the structure name, field
name (or byte offset), and next pointer are required. With the third
option, a start address, byte offset, and struct size are required.
Examples:
walk xfs_inode i_next a800000000345678
walk xfs_inode 8 a800000000345678
walk -s mrlock_s mr_queue a80000000345678
walk -s mrlock_s 8 a80000000345678
walk a800000000345678 8 40
The last example illustrates the use of the walk command to display
debugging information about a structure even if its type information is
not found. It does a memory dump of each structure in the list.
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whatis [-a] [-f] [-l] [-w outfile] expression
Display type specific information for expression (see the print
command for what constitutes a valid expression). If the -a option
is specified, display a list of all structures, unions, typedefs and
variables. When, in conjunction with the -a option, the -f option is
specified, expand all struct and union definitions to show
information for each field.
xthread [-f] [-n] [-k] [-S] [-w outfile] xthread_list
Display relevant information for each entry in xthread_list. If no
entries are specified, display information for all active xthreads.
Entries in xthread_list can take the form of a virtual address. When
the -k command line option is specified, display all xthread_s
structs as kthread structs.
zone [-a] [-f] [-w outfile] [zone_list]
Display information about zone memory allocation resources. If the
-a option is specified, display a list of all zones allocated in the
system by zone type.
? [-w outfile]
Displays a list of available commands.
Macros of C code can be used to create new commands and expand icrash's
functionality. They can be useful for commands that are specific to a
site or engineering group.
> Preprocessor #define's
The interpreter makes a number of preprocessor defines available to
the macros. This can be important for proper structure member
alignment or to execute different pieces of code within the macro
according to architecture or processor type. All kernel compile time
-D options (see the DW_AT_producer records from
Additionally, these mips compiler #defines are pushed into the macro
context:
Name Value(32 bit kernel) Value(64 bit kernel)
LANGUAGE_C 1 1
mips 1 1
unix 1 1
sgi 1 1
host_mips 1 1
_SGI_SOURCE 1 1
_LONGLONG 1 1
_SVR4_SOURCE 1 1
_LANGUAGE_C 1 1
_MODERN_C 1 1
__sgi 1 1
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__host_mips 1 1
_SYSTYPE_SVR4 1 1
__unix 1 1
_SYSTYPE_SVR4 1 1
_MIPS_ISA 4 4
_ABIN32 2 2
_MIPS_SIM _ABIN32 _ABIN32
_MIPS_FPSET 32 32
_MIPS_SZINT 32 32
_MIPS_SZLONG 32 64
_MIPS_SZPTR 32 64
IRIX_RELEASE 0xmmnnrr 0xmmnnrr
where mm is the major version of IRIX
nn is the minor version of IRIX
rr is the revision number of IRIX
Note: numbers are in hexadecimal to ease arithmetic comparision
IRIX_MAJOR (IRIX_RELEASE & 0xff0000) >>16
IRIX_MINOR (IRIX_RELEASE & 0x00ff00) >>8
IRIX_REV IRIX_RELEASE & 0x0000ff)
FEATURE_STREAM 1 if 'f' stream. 0 otherwise.
ACTIVE 1 if working on a live kernel. 0 otherwise.
> Macro related commands
>> load <filename>|<directory>
Will load/compile either a single file or in the case of a
directory, all the files in that directory. Icrash will
automatically unload previously compiled files as new ones are
compiled successfully.
>> unload <filename>|<directory>
Will unload either a single file or in the case of a directory,
all the files in that directory.
>> vi -l|-f <filename>|<funcname>
Will start editing a macro from your icrash session. On exit from
the editor, the macro will be recompiled and reloaded
automatically. The -l option can be used when a compile or run
time error as been encountered. It will position the editor at
the file and line coordinates of that error. The -f must be used
to start editing files that have not been loaded yet. filename
must be an absolute path name. When simply specifying the
function name funcname, the editor will be positioned on the
first line of the statement body of that function.
> Creating new commands for icrash
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Each time a macro is loaded, icrash will look for specific sets of
functions. When it founds these sets, it will register a new command
for it. Actually any global macro function (not static) is callable
from the icrash prompt, but only functions with a complete set will
have a corresponding entry with the help command.
The set of functions is :
int <funcname>() { do_the_real_work_here; }
string <funcname>_usage() { return "list of permited parameters"; }
string <funcname>_opt() { return "corresponding getopt option list"; }
string <funcname>_help() { return "Help text for this command"; }
After the load the user will be able to run the command <funcname> by
simply typing 'funcname [args]' at the icrash prompt.
Notice that the main entry point 'funcname' does not have any
parameters. This is because options and their associated values and
any additional arguments are made available by creating global
variables that are accessible by all macro functions throughout the
execution of the command.
Each option, if specified, will trigger the existence of a flag
variable. These variables are called Xflag, where X is the letter for
this options. For example a function with a getopt string of "a" will
possibly have a aflag variable available. The builtin
exists("variable name") can be used to test for this option.
If an option has an associated value (the getopt ':' was specified),
that value is made available as a string type variable called Xarg,
where X is the option letter. So for a command with a getopt string
of "b:" funcname might check for the bflag existance and use barg for
it's associated value.
The rest of the arguments supplied by the user are made available in
an array of 'string' called argv. argv[0] being set to the name of
the command. The global argc specifies the total number of entries in
argv[].
For more information on the interpreter itself (builtin functions,
api, dso support etc.) please refer to the lkcdutils/libsial/README
file at http://cvs.sourceforge.net/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/?cvsroot=lkcd
> Example command
/*
Example macro.
Both, C and C++ type comments are supported.
*/
static int all=0;
string foo_opt(){ return "ab:c"; }
string foo_usage()
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{
return "[-a] [-b barg] [-c] addr [addr [addr...]]";
}
static void
foo_showusage()
{
printf("Usage: foo %s0, foo_usage());
}
string foo_help()
{
return "Foo is an example function " +
"which shows some of the key features of the "+
"sial interpreter. " +
// anything between <<>> will show in bold.
"Option <<-a>> or <<-b barg>> are supported "+
"Additional arguments will be placed in <<argv[]>>";
}
static int
doproc(proc_t *p)
{
printf("p=0x%p uid=%d pid=%d ppid=%d name=[%s]0,
p, p->p_cred->cr_uid, p->p_pid, p->p_ppid,
// extract a string from the image with getstr()
getstr(p->p_ui.u_comm));
}
// sial support local type declarations
typedef struct mystruct {
int a;
short b;
char c[200];
} my_t;
int foo()
{
int all, i;
string bval;
#if 0
char a[3]; // array extenciations are not permitted.
// use dynamic arrays if you need them.
#endif
/*
Comment about accessing symbols in the image:
All symbols in the image are treated as (void*).
That is, their value becomes their address in the
image. That's because there is no type information
attached to the symbols in /unix.
Based on that, if the kernel declares a :
struct mystruct my;
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A macro will use it like so:
my_t *lmy=(my_t*)my;
If the kernel declares a :
struct mystruct *my;
A macro will use it like so:
my_t *lmy=*((my_t**)my);
*/
if(exists("aflag")) all=1;
else all=0;
if(exists("bflag")) bval=barg;
// argv[0] is set to the name of the command i.e. "foo"
for(i=1; i<argc;i++) {
proc_t *p;
p=(proc_t*)atoi(argv[i]);
doproc(p);
}
// need at least one arg for this command.
if(i==1) foo_showusage();
}
Each version of icrash is specific to the OS release that it came from
and does not necessarily work on any other OS release. Do not copy
icrash to any other IRIX system unless the OS versions are identical
(including patch levels).
Running icrash on a live system can sometimes generate random results, as
the information being viewed is volatile at the time it is displayed.
When running against compressed system crash dumps, an index file will be
created to allow icrash quick access to compressed pages inside the dump.
In addition, if an index file exists, icrash will start much more quickly
against a crash dump. icrash will always try to write the index file to
the same directory where the system crash dumps are stored. If the
directory is not writable, you will see the message:
icrash: save of index "filename" failed: permission denied
where filename is the name of the index file that icrash tried to create.
To avoid this, users can create symbolic links to the namelist and
corefile in a writable directory, and run icrash on the symbolic links.
The index file will then be created in the writable directory where the
symbolic links are located.
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BUGS & ISSUES
Some icrash commands will not work completely on O2's with the R10000 cpu
in them. This is because kernel space in the address range 0x800000-
0x9fffff are not readable to user processes for this hardware
configuration. The commands that are most affected are the "pfdat" and
"zone" commands.
PPPPaaaaggggeeee 22220000 [ Back ]
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