fastbind(1) fastbind(1)
NAME [Toc] [Back]
fastbind - Prepare an incomplete executable for faster program startup
SYNOPSIS [Toc] [Back]
fastbind [-nu] incomplete-executable...
DESCRIPTION [Toc] [Back]
fastbind is a tool that can improve the start-up time of programs that
use shared libraries (incomplete executables) by storing information
about needed shared library symbols in the executable file.
fastbind performs analysis on the symbols used to bind an executable
and all of it's dependent shared libraries, and stores this
information in the executable file. The next time the executable is
run, the dynamic loader will notice that this information is
available, and it will use this fastbind information to bind the
executable instead of the standard search method for binding the
symbols. For Itanium-based systems, the dynamic loader is
/usr/lib/hpux32/dld.so for 32-bit mode or /usr/lib/hpux64/dld.so for
64-bit mode. For PA-RISC systems, the dynamic loader is
/usr/lib/dld.sl for 32-bit mode or /usr/lib/pa20_64/dld.sl for 64-bit
mode.
Since fastbind writes the fastbind information in the executable file,
you must have write permission on the executable file. Also, if the
executable file being analyzed is being run as another process, the
file will be locked against modifications by the kernel, and fastbind
will fail.
If the shared libraries that an executable is dependent on are
modified after the fastbind information is created, the dynamic loader
will silently revert to standard search method for binding the
symbols. The fastbind information can be re-created by running
fastbind on the executable again. fastbind will automatically erase
the old fastbind information and generate the new one.
The ld option +fb can be used to instruct the linker to run the
fastbind tool on an incomplete executable it has produced.
Environment Variables [Toc] [Back]
If dld determines that the fastbind information is out of date, it
will silently revert to standard search method for binding the
symbols. If the environment variable _HP_DLDOPTS is set to -fbverbose
the dynamic loader will emit a warning message when the fastbind
information is out of date.
The environment variable _HP_DLDOPTS can be set to -nofastbind to make
the dynamic loader ignore the fastbind information and revert to the
standard search method for binding the symbols.
Hewlett-Packard Company - 1 - HP-UX 11i Version 2: Sep 2004
fastbind(1) fastbind(1)
Options [Toc] [Back]
fastbind recognizes the following options:
-n Remove the fastbind information from the executable,
returning it to the same state it was in before
fastbind was originally run on it.
-u Normally, if fastbind detects any unsatisfied symbols
while building the fastbind information, it will
generate an error message and not modify the
executable file. When fastbind is invoked with -u
option however, unresolved symbols are allowed.
EXTERNAL INFLUENCES [Toc] [Back]
Environment Variables
The following internationalization variables affect the execution of
fastbind:
LANG Determines the locale category for native language, local customs
and coded character set in the absence of LC_ALL and other LC_*
environment variables. If LANG is not specified or is set to the
empty string, a default of C (see lang(5)) is used instead of
LANG.
LC_ALL [Toc] [Back]
Determines the values for all locale categories and has
precedence over LANG and other LC_* environment variables.
LC_MESSAGES [Toc] [Back]
Determines the locale that should be used to affect the format
and contents of diagnostic messages written to standard error.
LC_NUMERIC [Toc] [Back]
Determines the locale category for numeric formatting.
LC_CTYPE [Toc] [Back]
Determines the locale category for character handling functions.
NLSPATH [Toc] [Back]
Determines the location of message catalogs for the processing of
LC_MESSAGES.
If any internationalization variable contains an invalid setting,
fastbind behaves as if all internationalization variables are set to
C. See environ(5).
In addition, the following environment variable affects fastbind:
TMPDIR [Toc] [Back]
Specifies a directory for temporary files (see tmpnam(3S)).
Hewlett-Packard Company - 2 - HP-UX 11i Version 2: Sep 2004
fastbind(1) fastbind(1)
DIAGNOSTICS [Toc] [Back]
fastbind returns zero when the operation is successful. A non-zero
return code indicates that an error occurred.
EXAMPLES [Toc] [Back]
To run fastbind on the executable file a.out
enter:
fastbind a.out
To later remove the fastbind information from the executable file
a.out enter:
fastbind -n a.out
WARNINGS [Toc] [Back]
32-bit PA-RISC fastbind does not work with EXEC_MAGIC executables.
fastbind effectively enforces bind restricted and bind immediate. For
example, consider an executable linked bind deferred, which calls a
function foo() defined in an implicitly loaded library. Before the
actual call is made, if it explicitly loads a shared library (using
shl_load(3X) with BIND_FIRST) having a definition for foo(), when
foo() is finally called, it will be resolved from the explicitly
loaded library. But after running fastbind, the symbol foo() will be
resolved from the implicitly loaded library.
AUTHOR [Toc] [Back]
fastbind was developed by Hewlett-Packard.
FILES [Toc] [Back]
a.out output file
/usr/lib/dld.sl 32-bit PA-RISC dynamic loader
/usr/lib/hpux32/dld.so 32-bit Itanium-based dynamic loader
/usr/lib/pa20_64/dld.sl 64-bit PA-RISC dynamic loader
/usr/lib/hpux64/dld.so 64-bit Itanium-based dynamic loader
/usr/lib/nls/$LANG/fastbind.cat
message catalog
/var/tmp/__FB* temporary files
SEE ALSO [Toc] [Back]
System Tools
ld(1) invoke the link editor
Miscellaneous [Toc] [Back]
a.out(4) assembler, compiler, and linker output
dld.sl(5) PA-RISC dynamic loader
dld.so(5) Itanium-based dynamic loader
Texts and Tutorials [Toc] [Back]
Hewlett-Packard Company - 3 - HP-UX 11i Version 2: Sep 2004
fastbind(1) fastbind(1)
HP-UX Linker and Libraries User's Guide
Hewlett-Packard Company - 4 - HP-UX 11i Version 2: Sep 2004 [ Back ] |
