pr - Writes a file to standard output
pr [-adfFmprt] [-e] [character] [number] [-h header] [-i]
[character] [gap] [-l lines] [-n] [character] [width] |
[-x] [character] [number] [-o offset] [-s] [character] [-w
width] [-column] [+page] [file...]
The pr command writes file to standard output. If you do
not specify file or if file is -, pr reads standard input.
Interfaces documented on this reference page conform to
industry standards as follows:
pr: XCU5.0
Refer to the standards(5) reference page for more information
about industry standards and associated tags.
Displays multicolumn output across the page. (This option
is meaningful only in combination with the -column option.
It modifies -column so that columns are filled across the
page in a round robin order.) Doublespaces the output.
Expands tabs to byte positions number+1, 2*number+1,
3*number+1, and so on. The default value of number is 8.
Tab characters in the input expand to the appropriate number
of spaces to line up with the next tab setting. If
you specify character (any character other than a digit)
that character becomes the input tab character. The
default value of character is the ASCII tab character.
Uses a formfeed character to advance to a new page. (Otherwise,
pr issues a sequence of newline characters.)
Pauses before beginning the first page if the standard
output is a terminal. Uses a formfeed character to
advance to a new page. (Otherwise, pr issues a sequence of
newline characters.) Does not pause before beginning the
first page if the standard output is a terminal. Displays
header instead of the file name in the page header.
Replaces multiple space characters with tab characters
wherever two or more space characters reach positions
gap+1, 2*gap+1, 3*gap+1, and so on. The default value of
gap is 8. If you specify character (any character other
than a digit), that character becomes the output tab character.
(The default value of character is the ASCII tab
character.) Sets the length of a page to lines lines (the
default is 66). If lines is not greater than the sum of
the header and trailer, pr suppresses both header and
trailer, as if -t were in effect. Combines and writes all
files at the same time, with each file in a separate column.
(This overrides the -column and -a options). Provides
width-digit line numbering (the default value of
width is 5). The number occupies the first width positions
of each column of normal output (or each line of -m
output). If you specify character (any character, other
than a digit), that character is added to the line number
to separate it from whatever follows. (The default value
of character is an ASCII tab character.) Indents each
line of output by offset byte positions (the default is
0). This is in addition to output width (see -w). Pauses
before beginning each page if the output is directed to a
terminal. (pr sounds the bell at the terminal and waits
for you to press <Return>.) Does not display diagnostic
messages if the system cannot open files. Separates
columns by the single character instead of by the appropriate
number of spaces (the default for character is an
ASCII tab character). Does not display the 5-line identifying
header and the 5-line footer. Stops after the last
line of each file without spacing to the end of the page.
[Tru64 UNIX] Same as -n. Sets the width of a line to
width byte positions. If neither -w or -s are specified,
the default is 72. If only -s is specified, the default
is 512. Single column output is not truncated. Produces
the specified number of columns (the default value is 1).
The -e and -i options are assumed for multicolumn output.
A text column never exceeds the width of the page (see
-l). Begins the display at the specified page number (the
default value is 1).
Note
When used with arguments, the -e, -i, -n, -s, and
-x options do not permit white space between the
option and its associated argument, or between multiple
arguments.
The path name of a file to written. If no file is specified,
or - (hyphen) is specified, standard input is used.
A heading that contains the page number, date, time, and
the name of the file separates the output into pages.
Unless specified, columns are of equal width and separated
by at least one space. Lines that are too long for the
page width are shortened. If the standard output is a
terminal, pr does not display any error messages until it
has ended. By default, the input is separated into
66-line pages, including the 5-line header and 5-line
footer.
If standard output is a terminal, diagnostic (error) messages
produced during the operation of pr will be deferred
and printed after pr has completed processing.
The following exit values are returned: All files have
been successfully written. An error occurred.
To print a file with headings and page numbers on the
printer, enter: pr prog.c | lpr
This inserts a page break in prog.c, starts each
page with a heading, and sends the output to the
print command. The heading consists of the date
the file was last modified, the file name, and the
page number. To specify a title, enter: pr -h
"MAIN PROGRAM" prog.c | lpr
This prints prog.c with the title MAIN PROGRAM in
place of the file name. The modification date and
page number are still printed. To print a file in
multiple columns, enter: pr -3 word.lst | lpr
This prints the file word.lst in three vertical
columns. To print several files side-by-side on
the paper, enter: pr -m -h "Members, Visitors" member.lst
visitor.lst | lpr
This prints the files member.lst and visitor.lst
side-by-side with the title Members, Visitors. To
modify a file for later use, enter: pr -t -e
prog.c > prog.notab.c
This replaces tab characters in prog.c with spaces
and puts the result in prog.notab.c. Tab positions
are at byte positions 9, 17, 25, 33, and so on.
The -e tells pr to replace the tab characters; the
-t suppresses the page headings.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES [Toc] [Back] The following environment variables affect the execution
of pr: Provides a default value for the internationalization
variables that are unset or null. If LANG is unset or
null, the corresponding value from the default locale is
used. If any of the internationalization variables contain
an invalid setting, the utility behaves as if none of the
variables had been defined. If set to a non-empty string
value, overrides the values of all the other internationalization
variables. Determines the locale for the interpretation
of sequences of bytes of text data as characters
(for example, single-byte as opposed to multibyte characters
in arguments). Determines the locale for the format
and contents of diagnostic messages written to standard
error. Determines the format of the date and time used in
writing header lines. Determines the location of message
catalogues for the processing of LC_MESSAGES.
Your terminal, used when the -p option is specified.
Commands: cat(1), expand(1), mesg(1)
Standards: standards(5)
pr(1)
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