systat - display system statistics on a CRT
systat [-n] [-w wait] [display] [refresh-interval]
systat displays various system statistics in a screen oriented fashion
using the curses screen display library, curses(3).
While systat is running the screen is usually divided into
two windows
(an exception is the vmstat display which uses the entire
screen). The
upper window depicts the current system load average. The
information
displayed in the lower window may vary, depending on user
commands. The
last line on the screen is reserved for user input and error
messages.
By default systat displays the processes getting the largest
percentage
of the processor in the lower window. Other displays show
swap space usage,
disk I/O statistics (a la iostat(8)), virtual memory
statistics (a
la vmstat(8)), network ``mbuf'' utilization, and network
connections (a
la netstat(1)).
Input is interpreted at two different levels. A ``global''
command interpreter
processes all keyboard input. If this command interpreter
fails to recognize a command, the input line is passed to a
per-display
command interpreter. This allows each display to have certain displayspecific
commands.
The options are as follows:
-n Do not try to reverse-map IP address.
-w wait Specifies the screen refresh time interval
in seconds.
This option is overridden by
refresh-interval, if given.
The default interval is 5 seconds.
display The display argument expects to be one of:
pigs,
iostat, swap, mbufs, vmstat or netstat.
These displays
can also be requested interactively and
are described
in full detail below.
refresh-interval The refresh-interval specifies the screen
refresh time
interval in seconds. This is provided for
backwards
compatibility, and overrides the wait interval specified
with the -w flag. The default interval is 5 seconds.
Certain characters cause immediate action by systat. These
are
^L Refresh the screen.
^G Print the name of the current ``display'' being
shown in the
lower window and the refresh interval.
^Z Suspend systat.
: Move the cursor to the command line and interpret the input
line typed as a command. While entering a command the current
character erase, word erase, and line kill
characters
may be used.
The following commands are interpreted by the ``global''
command interpreter.
help Print the names of the available displays on the
command
line.
load Print the load average over the past 1, 5, and
15 minutes on
the command line.
stop Stop refreshing the screen.
[start] [number]
Start (continue) refreshing the screen. If a
second, numeric,
argument is provided it is interpreted as a
refresh interval
(in seconds). Supplying only a number
will set the
refresh interval to this value.
quit Exit systat. (This may be abbreviated to q.)
The available displays are:
pigs Display, in the lower window, those processes
resident in
main memory and getting the largest portion of
the processor
(the default display). When less than 100% of
the processor
is scheduled to user processes, the remaining
time is accounted
to the ``idle'' process.
iostat Display, in the lower window, statistics about
processor use
and disk throughput. Statistics on processor
use appear as
bar graphs of the amount of time executing in
user mode
(``user''), in user mode running low priority
processes
(``nice''), in system mode (``system''), and
idle (``idle'').
Statistics on disk throughput show, for each
drive, kilobytes
of data transferred, number of disk transactions
performed,
and time spent in disk accesses (in milliseconds). This information
may be displayed as bar graphs or as
rows of numbers
which scroll downward. Bar graphs are
shown by default.
The following commands are specific to the
iostat display;
the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
numbers Show the disk I/O statistics in numeric form.
Values are displayed in numeric
columns which
scroll downward.
bars Show the disk I/O statistics in bar
graph form
(default).
secs Toggle the display of time in disk
activity (the
default is to not display time).
split Toggle the display of separate
read/write statistics
(the default is combined
statistics).
swap Show information about swap space usage on all
the swap areas
compiled into the kernel. The first column is
the device
name of the partition. The next column is the
total space
available in the partition. The Used column indicates the
total blocks used so far; the graph shows the
percentage of
space in use on each partition. If there is
more than one
swap partition in use, a total line is also
shown. Areas
known to the kernel but not in use are shown as
not available.
mbufs Display, in the lower window, the number of
mbufs allocated
for particular uses, i.e., data, socket structures, etc.
vmstat Take over the entire display and show a (rather
crowded) compendium
of statistics related to virtual memory
usage, process
scheduling, device interrupts, system name
translation
caching, disk I/O etc.
The upper left quadrant of the screen shows the
number of
users logged in and the load average over the
last 1, 5, and
15 minute intervals. Below this line are
statistics on memory
utilization. The first row of the table reports memory
usage only among active processes, that is, processes that
have run in the previous twenty seconds. The
second row reports
on memory usage of all processes. The
first column reports
on the number of physical pages claimed by
processes.
The second column reports the same figure for
virtual pages,
that is, the number of pages that would be needed if all processes
had all of their pages. Finally, the
last column
shows the number of physical pages on the free
list.
Below the memory display is a list of the average number of
processes (over the last refresh interval) that
are runnable
(`r'), in disk wait other than paging (`d'),
sleeping (`s'),
and swapped out but desiring to run (`w'). Below the queue
length listing is a numerical listing and a bar
graph showing
the amount of system (shown as `='), user (shown
as `>'),
nice (shown as `-'), and idle time (shown as `
').
To the right of the Proc display are statistics
about Context
switches (``Csw''), Traps (``Trp''), Syscalls
(``Sys''), Interrupts
(``Int''), Soft interrupts (``Sof''),
and Faults
(``Flt'') which have occurred during the last
refresh interval.
Below the CPU Usage graph are statistics on name
translations.
It lists the number of names translated
in the previous
interval, the number and percentage of the
translations
that were handled by the system wide name translation cache,
and the number and percentage of the translations that were
handled by the per process name translation
cache.
At the bottom left is the disk usage display.
It reports the
number of seeks, transfers, number of kilobyte
blocks transferred
per second averaged over the refresh period of the
display (by default, five seconds), and the time
spent in
disk accesses.
Under the date in the upper right hand quadrant
are statistics
on paging and swapping activity. The first
two columns
report the average number of pages brought in
and out per
second over the last refresh interval due to
page faults and
the paging daemon. The third and fourth columns
report the
average number of pages brought in and out per
second over
the last refresh interval due to swap requests
initiated by
the scheduler. The first row of the display
shows the average
number of disk transfers per second over the
last refresh
interval. The second row of the display shows
the average
number of pages transferred per second over the
last refresh
interval.
Running down the right hand side of the display
is a breakdown
of the interrupts being handled by the system. At the
top of the list is the total interrupts per second over the
time interval. The rest of the column breaks
down the total
on a device by device basis. Only devices that
have interrupted
at least once since boot time are shown.
Below the SWAPPING display and slightly to the
left of the
Interrupts display is a list of virtual memory
statistics.
The abbreviations are:
forks process forks
fkppw forks where parent waits
fksvm forks where vmspace is shared
pwait fault had to wait on a page
relck fault relock called
rlkok fault relock is successful
noram faults out of ram
ndcpy number of times fault clears "need
copy"
fltcp number of times fault promotes
with copy
zfod fault promotes with zerofill
cow number of times fault anon cow
fmin min number of free pages
ftarg target number of free pages
itarg target number of inactive pages
wired wired pages
pdfre pages daemon freed since boot
pdscn pages daemon scanned since boot
The `%zfod' value is more interesting when observed over a
long period, such as from boot time (see the
boot option below).
The following commands are specific to the
vmstat display;
the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
boot Display cumulative statistics since the
system was
booted.
run Display statistics as a running total
from the point
this command is given.
time Display statistics averaged over the refresh interval
(the default).
zero Reset running statistics to zero.
netstat Display, in the lower window, network connections. By default,
network servers awaiting requests are not
displayed.
Each address is displayed in the format
``host.port'', with
each shown symbolically, when possible. It is
possible to
have addresses displayed numerically, limit the
display to a
set of ports, hosts, and/or protocols (the minimum unambiguous
prefix may be supplied):
all Toggle the displaying of server
processes
awaiting requests (this is the
equivalent of
the -a flag to netstat(1)).
numbers Display network addresses numerically.
names Display network addresses symbolically.
protocol Display only network connections
using the indicated
protocol (currently either
``tcp'' or
``udp'').
ignore [items]
Do not display information about
connections
associated with the specified
hosts or ports.
Hosts and ports may be specified
by name
(``vangogh'', ``ftp''), or numerically. Host
addresses use the Internet dot notation
(``128.32.0.9''). Multiple items
may be specified
with a single command by separating them
with spaces.
display [items]
Display information about the connections associated
with the specified hosts or
ports. As
for ignore, items may be names or
numbers.
show [ports|hosts]
Show, on the command line, the
currently selected
protocols, hosts, and
ports. Hosts and
ports which are being ignored are
prefixed with
a `!'. If ports or hosts is supplied as an argument
to show, then only the requested information
will be displayed.
reset Reset the port, host, and protocol
matching
mechanisms to the default (any
protocol, port,
or host).
Commands to switch between displays may be abbreviated to
the minimum unambiguous
prefix; for example, ``io'' for ``iostat''. Certain information
may be discarded when the screen size is insufficient
for display.
For example, on a machine with 10 drives the iostat bar
graph displays
only 3 drives on a 24 line terminal. When a bar graph would
overflow the
allotted screen space it is truncated and the actual value
is printed
``over top'' of the bar.
The following commands are common to each display which
shows information
about disk drives. These commands are used to select a set
of drives to
report on, should your system have more drives configured
than can normally
be displayed on the screen.
ignore [drives] Do not display information about the
drives indicated.
Multiple drives may be specified, separated
by spaces.
display [drives] Display information about the drives
indicated.
Multiple drives may be specified,
separated by
spaces.
/etc/hosts host names
/etc/networks network names
/etc/services port names
kill(1), ps(1), top(1), renice(8)
The systat program appeared in 4.3BSD.
Takes 2-10 percent of the CPU. Certain displays presume a
minimum of 80
characters per line. The vmstat display looks out of place
because it is
(it was added in as a separate display rather than created
as a new program).
OpenBSD 3.6 December 30, 1993
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