ALTQ - kernel interfaces for manipulating output queues on network interfaces
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <net/if.h>
void
IFQ_ENQUEUE(struct ifaltq *ifq, struct mbuf *m, int error);
void
IFQ_DEQUEUE(struct ifaltq *ifq, struct mbuf *m);
void
IFQ_POLL(struct ifaltq *ifq, struct mbuf *m);
void
IFQ_PURGE(struct ifaltq *ifq);
void
IFQ_CLASSIFY(struct ifaltq *ifq, struct mbuf *m, int af,
struct altq_pktattr *pktattr);
void
IFQ_IS_EMPTY(struct ifaltq *ifq);
void
IFQ_SET_MAXLEN(struct ifaltq *ifq, int len);
void
IFQ_INC_LEN(struct ifaltq *ifq);
void
IFQ_DEC_LEN(struct ifaltq *ifq);
void
IFQ_INC_DROPS(struct ifaltq *ifq);
void
IFQ_SET_READY(struct ifaltq *ifq);
The ALTQ system is a framework to manage queueing disciplines on network
interfaces. ALTQ introduces new macros to manipulate output queues. The
output queue macros are used to abstract queue operations and not to
touch the internal fields of the output queue structure. The macros are
independent from the ALTQ implementation, and compatible with the traditional
ifqueue macros for ease of transition.
IFQ_ENQUEUE() enqueues a packet m to the queue ifq. The underlying
queueing discipline may discard the packet. error is set to 0 on success,
or ENOBUFS if the packet is discarded. m will be freed by the
device driver on success or by the queueing discipline on failure so that
the caller should not touch m after calling IFQ_ENQUEUE().
IFQ_DEQUEUE() dequeues a packet from the queue. The dequeued packet is
returned in m, or m is set to NULL if no packet is dequeued. The caller
must always check m since a non-empty queue could return NULL under ratelimiting.
IFQ_POLL() returns the next packet without removing it from the queue.
It is guaranteed by the underlying queueing discipline that IFQ_DEQUEUE()
immediately after IFQ_POLL() returns the same packet.
IFQ_PURGE() discards all the packets in the queue. The purge operation
is needed since a non-work conserving queue cannot be emptied by a
dequeue loop.
IFQ_CLASSIFY() classifies a packet to a scheduling class, and returns the
result in pktattr.
IFQ_IS_EMPTY() can be used to check if the queue is empty. Note that
IFQ_DEQUEUE() could still return NULL if the queueing discipline is nonwork
conserving.
IFQ_SET_MAXLEN() sets the queue length limit to the default FIFO queue.
IFQ_INC_LEN() and IFQ_DEC_LEN() increment or decrement the current queue
length in packets.
IFQ_INC_DROPS() increments the drop counter and is equal to IF_DROP().
It is defined for naming consistency.
IFQ_SET_READY() sets a flag to indicate this driver is converted to use
the new macros. ALTQ can be enabled only on interfaces with this flag.
ifaltq structure
In order to keep compatibility with the existing code, the new output
queue structure ifaltq has the same fields. The traditional IF_XXX()
macros and the code directly referencing the fields within if_snd still
work with ifaltq. (Once we finish conversions of all the drivers, we no
longer need these fields.)
##old-style## ##new-style##
|
struct ifqueue { | struct ifaltq {
struct mbuf *ifq_head; | struct mbuf *ifq_head;
struct mbuf *ifq_tail; | struct mbuf *ifq_tail;
int ifq_len; | int ifq_len;
int ifq_maxlen; | int ifq_maxlen;
int ifq_drops; | int ifq_drops;
}; | /* altq related fields */
| ......
| };
|
The new structure replaces struct ifqueue in struct ifnet.
##old-style## ##new-style##
|
struct ifnet { | struct ifnet {
.... | ....
|
struct ifqueue if_snd; | struct ifaltq if_snd;
|
.... | ....
}; | };
|
The (simplified) new IFQ_XXX() macros looks like:
#ifdef ALTQ
#define IFQ_DEQUEUE(ifq, m) \
if (ALTQ_IS_ENABLED((ifq)) \
ALTQ_DEQUEUE((ifq), (m)); \
else \
IF_DEQUEUE((ifq), (m));
#else
#define IFQ_DEQUEUE(ifq, m) IF_DEQUEUE((ifq), (m));
#endif
Enqueue operation [Toc] [Back]
The semantics of the enqueue operation are changed. In the new style,
enqueue and packet drop are combined since they cannot be easily separated
in many queueing disciplines. The new enqueue operation corresponds
to the following macro that is written with the old macros.
#define IFQ_ENQUEUE(ifq, m, error) \
do { \
if (IF_QFULL((ifq))) { \
m_freem((m)); \
(error) = ENOBUFS; \
IF_DROP(ifq); \
} else { \
IF_ENQUEUE((ifq), (m)); \
(error) = 0; \
} \
} while (0)
IFQ_ENQUEUE() does the followings:
- queue a packet
- drop (and free) a packet if the enqueue operation fails
If the enqueue operation fails, error is set to ENOBUFS. mbuf is freed
by the queueing discipline. The caller should not touch mbuf after calling
IFQ_ENQUEUE() so that the caller may need to copy m_pkthdr.len or
m_flags field beforehand for statistics. The caller should not use
senderr() since mbuf was already freed.
The new style if_output() looks as follows:
##old-style## ##new-style##
|
int | int
ether_output(ifp, m0, dst, rt0) | ether_output(ifp, m0, dst, rt0)
{ | {
...... | ......
|
| mflags = m->m_flags;
| len = m->m_pkthdr.len;
s = splimp(); | s = splimp();
if (IF_QFULL(ifp->if_snd)) { | IFQ_ENQUEUE(ifp->if_snd, m,
| error);
IF_DROP(ifp->if_snd); | if (error != 0) {
splx(s); | splx(s);
senderr(ENOBUFS); | return (error);
} | }
IF_ENQUEUE(ifp->if_snd, m); |
ifp->if_obytes += | ifp->if_obytes += len;
m->m_pkthdr.len; |
if (m->m_flags M_MCAST) | if (mflags M_MCAST)
ifp->if_omcasts++; | ifp->if_omcasts++;
|
if ((ifp->if_flags IFF_OACTIVE) | if ((ifp->if_flags IFF_OACTIVE)
== 0) | == 0)
(*ifp->if_start)(ifp); | (*ifp->if_start)(ifp);
splx(s); | splx(s);
return (error); | return (error);
|
bad: | bad:
if (m) | if (m)
m_freem(m); | m_freem(m);
return (error); | return (error);
} | }
|
Classifier [Toc] [Back]
The classifier mechanism is currently implemented in if_output(). struct
altq_pktattr is used to store the classifier result, and it is passed to
the enqueue function. (We will change the method to tag the classifier
result to mbuf in the future.)
int
ether_output(ifp, m0, dst, rt0)
{
......
struct altq_pktattr pktattr;
......
/* classify the packet before prepending link-headers */
IFQ_CLASSIFY(ifp->if_snd, m, dst->sa_family, pktattr);
/* prepend link-level headers */
......
IFQ_ENQUEUE(ifp->if_snd, m, pktattr, error);
......
}
HOW TO CONVERT THE EXISTING DRIVERS [Toc] [Back] First, make sure the corresponding if_output() is already converted to
the new style.
Look for if_snd in the driver. Probably, you need to make changes to the
lines that include if_snd.
Empty check operation [Toc] [Back]
If the code checks ifq_head to see whether the queue is empty or not, use
IFQ_IS_EMPTY().
##old-style## ##new-style##
|
if (ifp->if_snd.ifq_head != NULL) | if (IFQ_IS_EMPTY(ifp->if_snd) == 0)
|
Note that IFQ_POLL() can be used for the same purpose, but IFQ_POLL()
could be costly for a complex scheduling algorithm since IFQ_POLL() needs
to run the scheduling algorithm to select the next packet. On the other
hand, IFQ_IS_EMPTY() checks only if there is any packet stored in the
queue. Another difference is that even when IFQ_IS_EMPTY() is FALSE,
IFQ_DEQUEUE() could still return NULL if the queue is under rate-limiting.
Dequeue operation [Toc] [Back]
Replace IF_DEQUEUE() by IFQ_DEQUEUE(). Always check whether the dequeued
mbuf is NULL or not. Note that even when IFQ_IS_EMPTY() is FALSE,
IFQ_DEQUEUE() could return NULL due to rate-limiting.
##old-style## ##new-style##
|
IF_DEQUEUE(ifp->if_snd, m); | IFQ_DEQUEUE(ifp->if_snd, m);
| if (m == NULL)
| return;
|
A driver is supposed to call if_start() from transmission complete interrupts
in order to trigger the next dequeue.
Poll-and-dequeue operation [Toc] [Back]
If the code polls the packet at the head of the queue and actually uses
the packet before dequeueing it, use IFQ_POLL() and IFQ_DEQUEUE().
##old-style## ##new-style##
|
m = ifp->if_snd.ifq_head; | IFQ_POLL(ifp->if_snd, m);
if (m != NULL) { | if (m != NULL) {
|
/* use m to get resources */ | /* use m to get resources */
if (something goes wrong) | if (something goes wrong)
return; | return;
|
IF_DEQUEUE(ifp->if_snd, m); | IFQ_DEQUEUE(ifp->if_snd, m);
|
/* kick the hardware */ | /* kick the hardware */
} | }
|
It is guaranteed that IFQ_DEQUEUE() immediately after IFQ_POLL() returns
the same packet. Note that they need to be guarded by splimp() if called
from outside of if_start().
Eliminating IF_PREPEND [Toc] [Back]
If the code uses IF_PREPEND(), you have to eliminate it since the prepend
operation is not possible for many queueing disciplines. A common use of
IF_PREPEND() is to cancel the previous dequeue operation. You have to
convert the logic into poll-and-dequeue.
##old-style## ##new-style##
|
IF_DEQUEUE(ifp->if_snd, m); | IFQ_POLL(ifp->if_snd, m);
if (m != NULL) { | if (m != NULL) {
|
if (something_goes_wrong) { | if (something_goes_wrong) {
IF_PREPEND(ifp->if_snd, m); |
return; | return;
} | }
|
| /* at this point, the driver
| * is committed to send this
| * packet.
| */
| IFQ_DEQUEUE(ifp->if_snd, m);
|
/* kick the hardware */ | /* kick the hardware */
} | }
|
Purge operation [Toc] [Back]
Use IFQ_PURGE() to empty the queue. Note that a non-work conserving
queue cannot be emptied by a dequeue loop.
##old-style## ##new-style##
|
while (ifp->if_snd.ifq_head != NULL) {| IFQ_PURGE(ifp->if_snd);
IF_DEQUEUE(ifp->if_snd, m); |
m_freem(m); |
} |
|
Attach routine [Toc] [Back]
Use IFQ_SET_MAXLEN() to set ifq_maxlen to len. Add IFQ_SET_READY() to
show this driver is converted to the new style. (This is used to distinguish
new-style drivers.)
##old-style## ##new-style##
|
ifp->if_snd.ifq_maxlen = qsize; | IFQ_SET_MAXLEN(ifp->if_snd, qsize);
| IFQ_SET_READY(ifp->if_snd);
if_attach(ifp); | if_attach(ifp);
|
Other issues [Toc] [Back]
The new macros for statistics:
##old-style## ##new-style##
|
IF_DROP(ifp->if_snd); | IFQ_INC_DROPS(ifp->if_snd);
|
ifp->if_snd.ifq_len++; | IFQ_INC_LEN(ifp->if_snd);
|
ifp->if_snd.ifq_len--; | IFQ_DEC_LEN(ifp->if_snd);
|
Some drivers instruct the hardware to invoke transmission complete interrupts
only when it thinks necessary. Rate-limiting breaks its assumption.
How to convert drivers using multiple ifqueues [Toc] [Back]
Some (pseudo) devices (such as slip) have another ifqueue to prioritize
packets. It is possible to eliminate the second queue since ALTQ provides
more flexible mechanisms but the following shows how to keep the
original behavior.
struct sl_softc {
struct ifnet sc_if; /* network-visible interface */
...
struct ifqueue sc_fastq; /* interactive output queue */
...
};
The driver doesn't compile in the new model since it has the following
line (if_snd is no longer a type of struct ifqueue).
struct ifqueue *ifq = ifp->if_snd;
A simple way is to use the original IF_XXX() macros for sc_fastq and use
the new IFQ_XXX() macros for if_snd. The enqueue operation looks like:
##old-style## ##new-style##
|
struct ifqueue *ifq = ifp->if_snd; | struct ifqueue *ifq = NULL;
|
if (ip->ip_tos IPTOS_LOWDELAY) | if ((ip->ip_tos IPTOS_LOWDELAY)
ifq = sc->sc_fastq; | !ALTQ_IS_ENABLED(sc->sc_if.if_snd)) {
| ifq = sc->sc_fastq;
if (IF_QFULL(ifq)) { | if (IF_QFULL(ifq)) {
IF_DROP(ifq); | IF_DROP(ifq);
m_freem(m); | m_freem(m);
splx(s); | error = ENOBUFS;
sc->sc_if.if_oerrors++; | } else {
return (ENOBUFS); | IF_ENQUEUE(ifq, m);
} | error = 0;
IF_ENQUEUE(ifq, m); | }
| } else
| IFQ_ENQUEUE(sc->sc_if.if_snd,
| m, error);
|
| if (error) {
| splx(s);
| sc->sc_if.if_oerrors++;
| return (error);
| }
if ((sc->sc_oqlen = | if ((sc->sc_oqlen =
sc->sc_ttyp->t_outq.c_cc) == 0) | sc->sc_ttyp->t_outq.c_cc) == 0)
slstart(sc->sc_ttyp); | slstart(sc->sc_ttyp);
splx(s); | splx(s);
|
The dequeue operations looks like:
##old-style## ##new-style##
|
s = splimp(); | s = splimp();
IF_DEQUEUE(sc->sc_fastq, m); | IF_DEQUEUE(sc->sc_fastq, m);
if (m == NULL) | if (m == NULL)
IF_DEQUEUE(sc->sc_if.if_snd, m); | IFQ_DEQUEUE(sc->sc_if.if_snd, m);
splx(s); | splx(s);
|
Queueing disciplines need to maintain ifq_len (used by IFQ_IS_EMPTY()).
Queueing disciplines also need to guarantee the same mbuf is returned if
IFQ_DEQUEUE() is called immediately after IFQ_POLL().
altq.conf(5), altqd(8), tbrconfig(8)
The ALTQ system first appeared in March 1997.
BSD July 10, 2001 BSD
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