stat(5) stat(5)
NAME [Toc] [Back]
stat.h - data returned by the stat() function
SYNOPSIS [Toc] [Back]
#include <sys/stat.h>
DESCRIPTION [Toc] [Back]
The <sys/stat.h> header defines the structure of the data returned by
the functions fstat(), lstat(), and stat(). The structure stat
contains at least the following members:
dev_t st_dev ID of device containing file
ino_t st_ino file serial number
mode_t st_mode mode of file (see below)
nlink_t st_nlink number of links to the file
uid_t st_uid user ID of file
gid_t st_gid group ID of file
dev_t st_rdev device ID (if file is character or block special)
off_t st_size file size in bytes (if file is a regular file)
time_t st_atime time of last access
time_t st_mtime time of last data modification
time_t st_ctime time of last status change
long st_blksize a filesystem-specific preferred I/O block size
for this object. In some filesystem types, this
may vary from file to file
blkcnt_t st_blocks number of blocks of a filesystem-specific size
allocated for this object
short st_fstype type of filesystem this file is in; see
vfsmount(2)
dev_t st_realdev real device number of device containing the inode
for this file
File serial number and device ID taken together uniquely identify the
file within the system. The dev_t, ino_t, mode_t, nlink_t, uid_t,
gid_t, off_t, time_t and blkcnt_t types are defined as described in
<sys/types.h>. Times are given in seconds since the Epoch.
The following symbolic names for the values of st_mode are also
defined:
File type:
S_IFMT 0170000 type of file
S_IFSOCK 0140000 socket
S_IFLNK 0120000 symbolic link
S_IFNWK 0110000 network special
S_IFREG 0100000 regular (ordinary)
S_IFBLK 0060000 block special
S_IFDIR 0040000 directory
S_IFCHR 0020000 character special
S_IFIFO 0010000 FIFO special (named pipe)
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File mode bits:
File miscellaneous mode bits:
S_CDF 0004000 directory is a context-dependent file
S_ISUID 0004000 set user id on execution
S_ISGID 0002000 set group id on execution
S_ENFMT 0002000 set file-locking mode to enforced
S_ISVTX 0001000 save swapped text even after use
File permission mode bits:
S_IRWXU 0000700 owner's file access permission bits
S_IRUSR 0000400 read access permission for owner
S_IWUSR 0000200 write access permission for owner
S_IXUSR 0000100 execute/search access permission for owner
S_IRWXG 0000070 group's file access permission bits
S_IRGRP 0000040 read access permission for group
S_IWGRP 0000020 write access permission for group
S_IXGRP 0000010 execute/search access permission for group
S_IRWXO 0000007 others' access permission bits
S_IROTH 0000004 read access permission for others
S_IWOTH 0000002 write access permission for others
S_IXOTH 0000001 execute/search access permission for others
Obsolete names for file permission mode bits:
S_IREAD 0000400 read access permission for owner
S_IWRITE 0000200 write access permission for owner
S_IEXEC 0000100 execute/search access permission for owner
The bits defined by S_IRUSR, S_IWUSR, S_IXUSR, S_IRGRP, S_IWGRP,
S_IXGRP, S_IROTH, S_IWOTH, S_IXOTH, S_ISUID, S_ISGlD and S_ISVTX are
unique. S_IRWXU is the bitwise OR of S_IRUSR, S_IWUSR, and S_IXUSR.
S_IRWXG is the bitwise OR of S_IRGRP, S_IWGRP, and S_IXGRP. S_IRWXO
is the bitwise OR of S_IROTH, S_IWOTH, and S_IXOTH.
Implementations may OR other implementation-dependent bits into
S_IRWXU, S_IRWXG, and S_IRWXO, but they will not overlap any of the
other bits defined in this document. The file permission bits are
defined to be those corresponding to the bitwise inclusive OR of
S_IRWXU, S_IRWXG, and S_IRWXO.
The following macros will test whether a file is of the specified
type. The value m supplied to the macros is the value of st_mode from
a stat structure. The macro evaluates to a non-zero value if the test
is true, 0 if the test is false.
S_ISBLK(m) Test for a block special file.
S_ISCHR(m) Test for a character special file.
S_ISDIR(m) Test for a directory.
S_ISFIFO(m) Test for a pipe or FIFO special file.
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stat(5) stat(5)
S_ISREG(m) Test for a regular file.
S_ISLNK(m) Test for a symbolic link.
S_ISCDF(m) Test for a context-dependent file
S_ISNWK(m) Test for a network special
S_ISSOCK(m) Test for a socket
The following are declared as functions and may also be defined as
macros:
int chmod(const char *path, mode_t mode);
int lstat(const char *path, struct stat *buf);
int mkdir(const char *path, mode_t mode);
int mkfifo(const char *path, mode_t mode);
int mknod(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev);
int stat(const char *path, struct stat *buf);
mode_t umask(mode_t cmask);
APPLICATION USAGE [Toc] [Back]
Use of the macros is recommended for determining the type of a file.
WARNINGS [Toc] [Back]
For 32-bit applications, st_ino will be truncated to its least
significant 32-bits for file systems that use 64-bit values.
SEE ALSO [Toc] [Back]
chmod(2), chown(2), link(2), mkdir(2), mkfifo(3C), mknod(2), stat(2),
symlink(2), umask(2), utime(2), types(5).
STANDARDS CONFORMANCE [Toc] [Back]
<sys/stat.h>: AES, SVID2, SVID3, XPG2, XPG3, XPG4, FIPS 151-2, POSIX.1
CHANGE HISTORY [Toc] [Back]
First released in Issue 1.
Derived from Issue 1 of the SVID.
Issue 4 [Toc] [Back]
The following changes are incorporated for alignment with the ISO
POSIX-1 standard:
+ The function declarations in this header are expanded to full
ISO C prototypes.
+ The DESCRIPTION section is expanded to indicate (a) how files
are uniquely identified within the system, (b) that times are
given in units of seconds since the Epoch, (c) rules
governing the definition and use of the file mode bits, and
(d) usage of the file type test macros.
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Other changes are incorporated as follows:
+ Reference to the header <sys/types.h> is added for the
definitions of dev_t, ino_t, mode_t, nlink_t, uid_t, gid_t,
off_t, and time_t. This has been marked as an extension.
+ References to the S_IREAD, S_IWRITE, S_IEXEC file and S_ISVTX
modes are removed.
+ The descriptions of the members of the stat structure in the
DESCRIPTION section are corrected.
Issue 4, Version 2
The following changes are incorporated for X/OPEN UNIX conformance:
+ The st_blksize and st_blocks members are added to the stat
structure.
+ The S_IFLINK value of S_IFMT is defined.
+ The S_ISVTX file mode bit and the S_ISLNK file type test macro
is defined.
+ The fchmod(), lstat(), and mknod() functions are added to the
list of functions declared in this header.
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