tbl(1)                                                               tbl(1)




 NAME    [Toc]    [Back]
      tbl - format tables for nroff

 SYNOPSIS    [Toc]    [Back]
      tbl [-TX] [file ...]

 DESCRIPTION    [Toc]    [Back]
      tbl is a preprocessor that formats tables for nroff(1).  The input
      files are copied to the standard output, except for lines between .TS
      and .TE command lines, which are assumed to describe tables and are
      re-formatted by tbl.  (The .TS and .TE command lines are not altered
      by tbl).

      .TS is followed by global options.  The available global options are:

           center    center the table (default is left-adjust);
           expand    make the table as wide as the current line length;
           box       enclose the table in a box;
           doublebox enclose the table in a double box;
           allbox    enclose each item of the table in a box;
           tab (x)   use the character x instead of a tab to separate items
                     in a line of input data.

      The global options, if any, are terminated with a semi-colon (;).

      Next come lines describing the format of each line of the table.  Each
      such format line describes one line of the actual table, except that
      the last format line (which must end with a period) describes all
      remaining lines of the table.  Each column of each line of the table
      is described by a single key-letter, optionally followed by specifiers
      that determine the font and point size of the corresponding item,
      indicate where vertical bars are to appear between columns, or
      determine column width, inter-column spacing, etc.  The available
      key-letters are:
           c    center item within the column;
           r    right-adjust item within the column;
           l    left-adjust item within the column;
           n    numerically adjust item in the column: units positions of
                numbers are aligned vertically;
           s    span previous item on the left into this column;
           a    center longest line in this column, then left-adjust all
                other lines in this column with respect to that centered
                line;
           ^    span down previous entry in this column;
           _    replace this entry with a horizontal line;
           =    replace this entry with a double horizontal line.

      The characters B and I stand for the bold (font position 3) and italic
      (font position 2) fonts, respectively; the character | indicates a
      vertical line between columns.




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 tbl(1)                                                               tbl(1)




      The format lines are followed by lines containing the actual data for
      the table, followed finally by .TE.  Within such data lines, data
      items are normally separated by tab characters.

      If a data line consists of only _ or =, a single or double line,
      respectively, is drawn across the table at that point; if a single
      item in a data line consists of only _ or =, then that item is
      replaced by a single or double line.

      The -TX option forces tbl to use only full vertical line motions,
      making the output more suitable for devices that cannot generate
      partial vertical line motions (such as line printers).

      If no file names are given as arguments (or if - is specified as the
      last argument), tbl reads the standard input, and thus can be used as
      a filter.  When used with neqn, tbl should be used first to minimize
      the volume of data passed through pipes (see neqn(1)).

 EXTERNAL INFLUENCES    [Toc]    [Back]
    Environment Variables
      LC_CTYPE determines the interpretation of text as single- and/or
      multi-byte characters.

      LC_NUMERIC determines the radix character used in numerical data.

      LANG determines the language in which messages are displayed.

      If LC_CTYPE or LC_NUMERIC is not specified in the environment or is
      set to the empty string, the value of LANG is used as a default for
      each unspecified or empty variable.  If LANG

           is not specified or is set to the empty string, a default of "C"
           (see lang(5)) is used instead of LANG.  If any
           internationalization variable contains an invalid setting, tbl
           behaves as if all internationalization variables are set to "C".
           See environ(5).

    International Code Set Support    [Toc]    [Back]
      Single- and multi-byte character code sets are supported.

 EXAMPLES    [Toc]    [Back]
      If we redefine the tab character to a semicolon, then the input:

           .TS
           center box tab(;) ;
           cB s s
           cI | cI s
           ^  | c  c
           l  | n  n.
           Household Population
           _



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 tbl(1)                                                               tbl(1)




           Town;Households
           ;Number;Size
           =
           Bedminster;789;3.26
           Bernards Twp.;3087;3.74
           Bernardsville;2018;3.30
           Bound Brook;3425;3.04
           Bridgewater;7897;3.81
           Far Hills;240;3.19
           .TE

      yields:

                         _______________________________
                         |    Household Population      |
                         |______________________________|
                         |              |  Households   |
                         |    Town      | Number   Size |
                         |______________|_______________|
                         |Bedminster    |   789    3.26 |
                         |Bernards Twp. |  3087    3.74 |
                         |Bernardsville |  2018    3.30 |
                         |Bound Brook   |  3425    3.04 |
                         |Bridgewater   |  7897    3.81 |
                         |Far Hills     |   240    3.19 |
                         |______________|_______________|

      The tbl command is used most often with nroff and col (see col(1)).  A
      common usage is:

           tbl filename | nroff -mmacro_package_name | col

 WARNINGS    [Toc]    [Back]
      See WARNINGS under nroff(1).

 SEE ALSO    [Toc]    [Back]
      col(1), mm(1), neqn(1), nroff(1), soelim(1), mm(5).


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