insf(1M) insf(1M)
NAME [Toc] [Back]
insf - install special (device) files
SYNOPSIS [Toc] [Back]
/sbin/insf
/sbin/insf [-C class | -d driver] [-D directory] [-e] [-H hw-path]
[-I instance] [-n npty] [-q|-v] [-s nstrpty]
[-p first-optical-disk:last-optical-disk]
DESCRIPTION [Toc] [Back]
The insf command installs special files in the devices directory,
normally /dev. If required, insf creates any subdirectories that are
defined for the resulting special file.
If no options are specified, special files are created for all new
devices in the system. New devices are those devices for which no
special files have been previously created. A subset of the new
devices can be selected with the -C, -d, and -H options.
With the -e option, insf reinstalls the special files for pseudodrivers
and existing devices. This is useful for restoring special
files when one or more have been removed.
Normally, insf displays a message as the special files are installed
for each driver. The -q (quiet) option suppresses the installation
message. The -v (verbose) option displays the installation message
and the name of each special file as it is created.
Options [Toc] [Back]
insf recognizes the following options.
-C class Match devices that belong to a given device class,
class. Device classes can be listed with the
lsdev command (see lsdev(1M)). They are defined
in the files in the directory /usr/conf/master.d.
The special class pseudo includes all pseudodrivers.
This option cannot be used with -d.
-d driver Match devices that are controlled by the specified
device driver, driver. Device drivers can be
listed with the lsdev command (see lsdev(1M)).
They are defined in the files in the directory
/usr/conf/master.d. This option cannot be used
with -C.
-D directory Override the default device installation directory
/dev and install the special files in directory
instead. directory must exist; otherwise, insf
displays an error message and exits. See
WARNINGS.
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-e Reinstall the special files for pseudo-drivers and
existing devices. This is useful for restoring
special files if one or more have been removed.
-H hw-path Match devices at a given hardware path, hw-path.
Hardware paths can be listed with the ioscan
command (see ioscan(1M)). A hardware path
specifies the addresses of the hardware components
leading to a device. It consists of a string of
numbers separated by periods (.), such as 52 (a
card), 52.3 (a target address), and 52.3.0 (a
device). If a hardware component is a bus
converter, the following period, if any, is
replaced by a slash (/) as in 2, 2/3, and 2/3.0.
If the specified path contains fewer numbers than
are necessary to reach a device, special files are
made for all devices at addresses that extend the
given path. If the specified path is 56, then
special files are made for the devices at
addresses 56.0, 56.1, 56.2, etc.
-I instance Match a device with the specified instance number.
Instances can be listed with the -f option of the
ioscan command (see ioscan(1M)).
This option is effective only if the -e option is
specified or if an appropriate device class or
driver is specified with a -C or -d option.
-n npty Install npty special files for each specified ptym
and ptys driver. The pty driver specifies both
the ptym and ptys drivers. npty is a decimal
number.
This option is effective only if the -e option is
specified or if an appropriate device class or
driver is specified with a -C or -d option.
If this option is omitted, npty defaults to 60 for
the ptym and ptys drivers.
-p first-optical-disk:last-optical-disk
Install the special files for those optical disks
located in slots in the range first-optical-disk
to last-optical-disk. The two variables can have
values from the set 1a, 1b, ..., 32a, 32b. This
option only applies to the autox0 and schgr
drivers. If it is omitted, the 64 special files
for both sides of 32 optical disks (1a through
32b) will be installed.
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-q Quiet option. Normally, insf displays a message
as each driver is processed. This option
suppresses the driver message, but not error
messages. See the -v option.
-s nstrpty Install nstrpty slave-side stream special files
for the pts driver. nstrpty is a decimal number.
This option only applies to the pts special file
installation.
This option is effective only if the -e option is
specified or if an appropriate device class or
driver is specified with a -C or -d option.
If this option is omitted, nstrpty defaults to 60.
-v Verbose option. In addition to the normal
processing message, display the name of each
special file as it is created. See the -q option.
Naming Conventions [Toc] [Back]
Many special files are named using the ccardttargetddevice naming
convention. These variables have the following meaning wherever they
are used.
card The unique interface card identification number from
ioscan (see ioscan(1M)). It is represented as a
decimal number with a typical range of 0 to 255.
target The device target number, for example the address on a
HP-FL or SCSI bus. It is represented as a decimal
number with a typical range of 0 to 15.
device A address unit within a device, for example, the unit
in a HP-FL device or the LUN in a SCSI device. It is
represented as a decimal number with a typical range of
0 to 15.
Special Files [Toc] [Back]
This subsection shows which special files are created and the
permissions for each device driver.
The special file names are relative to the installation directory,
normally /dev. This directory may be overridden with the -D option.
insf sets the file permissions and the owner and group IDs. They are
shown here in a format similar to that of the ll command:
special-file permissions owner group
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For example:
tty rw-rw-rw- bin bin
Device Driver Special Files and Description [Toc] [Back]
arp The following special file is installed:
arp rw-rw-rw- root sys
asio0
For the built-in serial port, the following special files are
installed for each card instance:
ttycardp0 rw--w--w- bin bin
Direct connect
asio0
For the SAS console ports, the following special files are
installed for each card instance:
ttycardp0 rw--w--w- bin bin
local console port (direct connect)
ttycardp1 rw--w--w- bin bin
remote session port (direct connect)
sassy rw------- root sys
internal console port (direct connect)
ttycard+1p0 rw--w--w- bin bin
UPS port (direct connect)
ttycard+1p1 rw--w--w- bin bin
local session port (direct connect)
asyncdsk
The following special files are installed:
asyncdsk rw-rw-rw- bin bin
async rw-rw-rw- bin bin
audio
The following special files are installed. Note the underscore
(_) before card in each special file name.
For card 0, the device files are linked to files without the
trailing _0 in their names.
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audio_card rw-rw-rw- bin bin
Default audio device
audioCtl_card rw-rw-rw- bin bin
Audio control device
audioBA_card rw-rw-rw- bin bin
All outputs, A-law format
audioBL_card rw-rw-rw- bin bin
All outputs, 16-bit linear format
audioBU_card rw-rw-rw- bin bin
All outputs, Mu-law format
audioEA_card rw-rw-rw- bin bin
External output, A-law format
audioEL_card rw-rw-rw- bin bin
External output, 16-bit linear format
audioEU_card rw-rw-rw- bin bin
External output, Mu-law format
audioIA_card rw-rw-rw- bin bin
Internal speaker output, A-law format
audioIL_card rw-rw-rw- bin bin
Internal speaker output, 16-bit linear format
audioIU_card rw-rw-rw- bin bin
Internal speaker output, Mu-law format
audioLA_card rw-rw-rw- bin bin
Line output, A-law format
audioLL_card rw-rw-rw- bin bin
Line output, 16 bit linear format
audioLU_card rw-rw-rw- bin bin
Line output, Mu-law format
audioNA_card rw-rw-rw- bin bin
No output, A-law format
audioNL_card rw-rw-rw- bin bin
No output, 16 bit linear format
audioNU_card rw-rw-rw- bin bin
No output, Mu-law format
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autox0 schgr
Special file names for autox0 and schgr use the format:
ccardttargetd device_surface
surface: 1a through 32b, unless modified by the -p option. Note
the underscore (_) between device and surface.
For each autochanger device, the following special files are
installed:
ac/ccardttargetddevice_surface rw-r----- bin sys
Block entry
rac/ccardttargetddevice_surface rw-r----- bin sys
Character entry
rac/ccardttargetddevice rw------- bin sys
Character entry
beep The following special file is installed:
beep rw-rw-rw- bin bin
CentIf [Toc] [Back]
For each card instance, the following special file is installed.
ccardttargetddevice_lp rw-rw-rw- lp bin
Handshake mode 2, character entry
consp1
For each card instance, the following special files are
installed:
ttycardp0 rw--w--w- bin bin
Direct connect
cn The following special files are installed:
syscon rw--w--w- bin bin
systty rw--w--w- bin bin
console rw--w--w- root sys
ttyconf rw------- root sys
devconfig
The following special file is installed:
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config rw-r----- root sys
diag0
The following special file is installed:
diag/diag0 rw------- bin bin
diag1
The following special file is installed:
diag/diag1 rw------- bin bin
diag2
The following special files are installed:
diag2 rw------- bin bin
diag/diag2 rw------- bin bin
disc3 sdisk
For each disk device, the following special files are installed:
dsk/ccardttargetddevice rw-r----- bin sys
Block entry
rdsk/ccardttargetddevice rw-r----- bin sys
Character entry
For disc3 instances, the following additional special files are
installed:
floppy/ccardttargetddevice rw-r----- bin sys
Block entry
rfloppy/ccardttargetddevice rw-r----- bin sys
Character entry
For disk instances that are partitioned, the following additional
special files are installed:
dsk/ccardttargetddevicespartition rw-r----- bin sys
Block entry
rdsk/ccardttargetddevicespartition rw-r----- bin sys
Character entry
dlpi The following special files are installed:
dlpi rw-rw-rw- root sys
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dlpi0 rw-rw-rw- root sys
dlpi1 rw-rw-rw- root sys
dlpi2 rw-rw-rw- root sys
dlpi3 rw-rw-rw- root sys
dlpi4 rw-rw-rw- root sys
dmem The following special file is installed:
dmem rw------- bin bin
echo The following special file is installed:
echo rw-rw-rw- root sys
pci_mux0
For each instance of a PCI mux card, the following "Direct
Connect" special files are created. The term "card" below refers
to the instance number of the mux card.
ttycardport_moduleport
rw--w--w- bin bin
letter: a to p, port module name
port: 1 to 16, direct connect
muxcard rw------- bin bin
diag/muxcard rw------- bin bin
diag/muxcard_1 rw------- bin bin
diag/muxcard_2 rw------- bin bin
fddi The following special file is installed:
lancard rw-rw-rw- bin bin
framebuf
For each graphics device claimed by 'graph3' driver, the
following special files are installed.
crtdevice_number rw-rw-rw- bin bin
ocrtdevice_number rw-rw-rw- bin bin
device_number is 0 indexed and is assigned in the order in which
the devices appear in ioscan(1M) output.
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If the console device is a graphics device, the files crt and
ocrt are created as the console device. If the console is not a
graphics device, crt and ocrt are identical to crt0 and ocrt0.
hil For each device, the following special files are installed. Note
the underscore (_) before card in each special file name.
For card 0, the device files are linked to files named hiladdr
for the link addresses 1 to 7; hilkbd for the cooked keyboard
device; and rhil for the hil controller device.
hil_card.addr rw-rw-rw- bin bin
addr: link addresses 1 to 7
hilkbd_card rw-rw-rw- bin bin
rhil_card rw-rw-rw- bin bin
inet_clts
The following special file is installed:
inet_clts rw-rw-rw- root sys
inet_cots
The following special file is installed:
inet_cots rw-rw-rw- root sys
ip The following special file is installed:
ip rw-rw-rw- root sys
kepd The following special file is installed:
kepd rw-r--r-- root other
klog The following special file is installed:
klog rw------- bin bin
lan0 lan1 lan2 lan3
For each card instance, the following special files are
installed:
lancard rw-rw-rw- bin bin
ethercard rw-rw-rw- bin bin
diag/lancard rw------- bin bin
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lantty0
For each card instance, the following special files are
installed:
lanttycard rw-rw-rw- bin bin
Normal access
diag/lanttycard rw-rw-rw- bin bin
Exclusive access
lpr2 lpr3
For each card instance, the following special files are
installed:
ccardttargetddevice_lp rw------- lp bin
diag/ccardttargetddevice_lp rw------- bin bin
mm The following special files are installed:
mem rw-r----- bin sys
Minor 0
kmem rw-r----- bin sys
Minor 1
null rw-rw-rw- bin bin
Minor 2
mux0 For each instance of a 6-channel card, the following special
files are installed:
ttycardpport rw--w--w- bin bin
port: 0 to 5, direct connect
muxcard rw------- bin bin
diag/muxcard rw------- bin bin
For each instance of a 16-channel card, the
following special files are installed:
ttycardpport rw--w--w- bin bin
port: 0 to 15, direct connect
muxcard rw------- bin bin
diag/muxcard rw------- bin bin
mux2 For each instance of an 16-channel card, the following special
files are installed:
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ttycardpport rw--w--w- bin bin
port: 0 to 15, direct connect
muxcard rw------- bin bin
diag/muxcard rw------- bin bin
For each card instance of an 8-channel card,
the following special files are installed:
ttycardpport rw--w--w- bin bin
port: 0 to 7, direct connect
muxcard rw------- bin bin
diag/muxcard rw------- bin bin
For each card instance of an 3-channel card,
the following special files are installed:
ttycardpport rw--w--w- bin bin
port: 0, 1, and 7, direct connect
muxcard rw------- bin bin
diag/muxcard rw------- bin bin
mux4 For each card instance, the following special files are
installed:
ttycardpport rw--w--w- bin bin
port: 0 and 1, direct connect
netqa
The following special file is installed:
netqa rw-rw-rw- root sys
nuls The following special file is installed:
nuls rw-rw-rw- root sys
pci_mux0
The following "Direct Connect" special files are created. The
term "card" below refers to the instance number of the mux card.
ttycardport_moduleport
rw--w--w- bin bin
port_module: a to p, port module name
port: 1 to 16, port number
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muxcard rw------- bin bin
diag/muxcard rw------- bin bin
diag/muxcard_1 rw------- bin bin
diag/muxcard_2 rw------- bin bin
pflop sflop
For each card instance, the following special files are
installed:
floppy/ccardttargetddevice rw-r----- bin sys
Block entry
rfloppy/ccardttargetddevice rw-r----- bin sys
Character entry
ps2 The following special files are installed:
ps2kbd rw-rw-rw- bin bin
Autosearch for first ps2 keyboard
ps2mouse rw-rw-rw- bin bin
Autosearch for first ps2 mouse
ps2_0 rw-rw-rw- bin bin
ps2 port 0
ps2_1 rw-rw-rw- bin bin
ps2 port 1
ptm The following special file is installed:
ptmx rw-rw-rw- root sys
pts The following special files are installed:
pts/number rw-rw-rw- root sys
number: 0 to 59
pty Specifying this driver tells insf to install the special files
for both the master and slave pty drivers, ptym and ptys. The
command insf -d pty is equivalent to the two commands insf -d
ptym and insf -d ptys.
ptym The following special files are installed:
ptym/clone rw-r--r-- root other
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ptym/ptyindexnumber rw-rw-rw- bin bin
index: p to z, a to c, e to o;
number: 0 to f (hexadecimal)
The first 48 special files
ptym/pty* are linked to pty*.
ptym/ptyindexnumber rw-rw-rw- bin bin
index: p to z, a to c, e to o;
number: 00 to 99
ptym/ptyindexnumber rw-rw-rw- bin bin
index: p to z, a to c, e to o;
number: 000 to 999
ptys The following special files are installed:
pty/ttyindexnumber rw-rw-rw- bin bin
index: p to z, a to c, e to o;
number: 0 to f (hexadecimal)
The first 48 special files pty/tty*
are linked to tty*.
pty/ttyindexnumber rw-rw-rw- bin bin
index: p to z, a to c, e to o;
number: 00 to 99
pty/ttyindexnumber rw-rw-rw- bin bin
index: p to z, a to c, e to o;
number: 000 to 999
rawip
The following special file is installed:
rawip rw-rw-rw- root sys
root The following special files are installed:
root rw-r----- bin sys
rroot rw-r----- bin sys
sad The following special file is installed:
sad rw-rw-rw- root sys
sastty
For each card instance, the following special files are
installed:
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ttycardpport rw--w--w- bin bin
port: 0 to 1, direct connect
schgr
See autox0.
sdisk
See disc3.
sflop
See pflop.
stape tape2
For each driver instance, different special files are installed
depending on the number of characters allowed in the target
directory. There are two lists below, one for long file name
directories and one for short file name directories (14
characters maximum). Short file names are used for files
installed on an NFS file system.
Note that the first four special files in each list for tape
driver instances 0-9 are also linked to rmt/instancem,
rmt/instancemb, rmt/instancemn, and rmt/instancemnb,
respectively.
For installation in a long file name directory:
rmt/ccardttargetddeviceBEST rw-rw-rw- bin bin
AT&T-style, best available
density, character entry
rmt/ccardttargetddeviceBESTb rw-rw-rw- bin bin
Berkeley-style, best available
density, character entry
rmt/ccardttargetddeviceBESTn rw-rw-rw- bin bin
AT&T-style, no rewind, best
available density, character
entry
rmt/ccardttargetddeviceBESTnb rw-rw-rw- bin bin
Berkeley-style, no rewind,
best available density,
character entry
For installation in a short file name directory:
rmt/ccardttargetddevicef0 rw-rw-rw- bin bin
AT&T-style, best available
density, character entry
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rmt/ccardttargetddevicef0b rw-rw-rw- bin bin
Berkeley-style, best available
density, character entry
rmt/ccardttargetddevicef0n rw-rw-rw- bin bin
AT&T-style, no rewind, best
available density, character
entry
rmt/ccardttargetddevicef0nb rw-rw-rw- bin bin
Berkeley-style, no rewind,
best available density,
character entry
For both long and short file name directories, the following
additional files are created.
rmt/driver_name_config rw-r--r-- bin bin
Tape configuration, character
entry
diag/rmt/ccardttargetddevice rw------- bin bin
For tape2 only, diagnostic
access, character entry
stcpmap
The following special file is installed:
stcpmap rw-rw-rw- root sys
strlog
The following special file is installed:
strlog rw-rw-rw- root sys
sy The following special file is installed:
tty rw-rw-rw- bin bin
tape2
See stape.
tcp The following special file is installed:
tcp rw-rw-rw- root sys
telm The following special file is installed:
telnetm rw-rw-rw- root sys
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tels The following special files are installed:
pts/tnumber rw-rw-rw- root sys
number: 0 to 59
tlclts
The following special file is installed:
tlclts rw-rw-rw- root sys
tlcots
The following special file is installed:
tlcots rw-rw-rw- root sys
tlcotsod
The following special file is installed:
tlcotsod rw-rw-rw- root sys
token2
The following special file is installed:
lancard rw-rw-rw- bin bin
udp The following special file is installed:
udp rw-rw-rw- root sys
unix_clts
The following special file is installed:
unix_clts rw-rw-rw- root sys
unix_cots
The following special file is installed:
unix_cots rw-rw-rw- root sys
RETURN VALUE [Toc] [Back]
insf exits with one of the following values:
0 Successful completion, including warning diagnostics.
1 Failure.
DIAGNOSTICS [Toc] [Back]
Most diagnostic messages from insf are self-explanatory. Listed below
are some messages deserving further clarification.
Warnings [Toc] [Back]
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Device driver name is not in the kernel
Device class name is not in the kernel
The indicated device driver or device class is not present in the
kernel. A device driver and/or device class can be added to the
kernel using kcmodule(1M).
No instance number available for device class name
All of the instance numbers available for the device class are
already assigned. Use the rmsf command to remove any unneeded
devices from the system (see rmsf(1M)).
Don't know how to handle driver name - no special files created for
path
insf does not know how to create special files for the specified
device driver. Use mknod to create special files for the device
(see mknod(1M)).
EXAMPLES [Toc] [Back]
Install special files for all new devices belonging to the tty device
class:
insf -C tty
Install special files to the new device added at hardware path
2/4.0.0:
insf -H 2/4.0.0
WARNINGS [Toc] [Back]
insf can change the mode, owner, or group of an existing special file,
or unlink and recreate one; special files that are currently open may
be left in an indeterminate state. Hence insf is recommended to be run
in single-user mode.
Many commands and subsystems assume their device files are in /dev,
therefore the use of the -D option is discouraged.
AUTHOR [Toc] [Back]
insf was developed by HP.
FILES [Toc] [Back]
/dev/config I/O system special file
/etc/ioconfig I/O system configuration database
SEE ALSO [Toc] [Back]
kcmodule(1M), ioscan(1M), lsdev(1M), lssf(1M), mknod(1M), mksf(1M),
rmsf(1M).
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