camcontrol -- CAM control program
camcontrol <command> [device id] [generic args] [command args]
camcontrol devlist [-v]
camcontrol periphlist [device id] [-n dev_name] [-u unit_number]
camcontrol tur [device id] [generic args]
camcontrol inquiry [device id] [generic args] [-D] [-S] [-R]
camcontrol start [device id] [generic args]
camcontrol stop [device id] [generic args]
camcontrol load [device id] [generic args]
camcontrol eject [device id] [generic args]
camcontrol rescan <all | bus[:target:lun]>
camcontrol reset <all | bus[:target:lun]>
camcontrol defects [device id] [generic args] <-f format> [-P] [-G]
camcontrol modepage [device id] [generic args] <-m page | -l> [-P pgctl]
[-b | -e] [-d]
camcontrol cmd [device id] [generic args] <-c cmd [args]> [-i len fmt]
[-o len fmt [args]]
camcontrol debug [-I] [-P] [-T] [-S] [-X] [-c]
<all|off|bus[:target[:lun]]>
camcontrol tags [device id] [generic args] [-N tags] [-q] [-v]
camcontrol negotiate [device id] [generic args] [-c] [-D enable|disable]
[-O offset] [-q] [-R syncrate] [-T enable|disable] [-U]
[-W bus_width] [-v]
camcontrol format [device id] [generic args] [-q] [-w] [-y]
camcontrol help
The camcontrol utility is designed to provide a way for users to access
and control the FreeBSD CAM subsystem.
The camcontrol utility can cause a loss of data and/or system crashes if
used improperly. Even expert users are encouraged to exercise caution
when using this command. Novice users should stay away from this utility.
The camcontrol utility has a number of primary functions, many of which
support an optional device identifier. A device identifier can take one
of three forms:
deviceUNIT Specify a device name and unit number combination, like
"da5" or "cd3". Note that character device node names
(e.g. /dev/da0) are not allowed here.
bus:target Specify a bus number and target id. The bus number can
be determined from the output of ``camcontrol devlist''.
The lun defaults to 0.
bus:target:lun Specify the bus, target and lun for a device. (e.g.
1:2:0)
The device identifier, if it is specified, must come immediately after
the function name, and before any generic or function-specific arguments.
Note that the -n and -u arguments described below will override any
device name or unit number specified beforehand. The -n and -u arguments
will not override a specified bus:target or bus:target:lun, however.
Most of the camcontrol primary functions support these generic arguments:
-C count SCSI command retry count. In order for this to work,
error recovery (-E) must be turned on.
-E Instruct the kernel to perform generic SCSI error recovery
for the given command. This is needed in order for
the retry count (-C) to be honored. Other than retrying
commands, the generic error recovery in the code will
generally attempt to spin up drives that are not spinning.
It may take some other actions, depending upon the
sense code returned from the command.
-n dev_name Specify the device type to operate on, e.g. "da", "cd".
-t timeout SCSI command timeout in seconds. This overrides the
default timeout for any given command.
-u unit_number Specify the device unit number, e.g. "1", "5".
-v Be verbose, print out sense information for failed SCSI
commands.
Primary command functions:
devlist List all physical devices (logical units) attached to the CAM
subsystem. This also includes a list of peripheral drivers
attached to each device. With the -v argument, SCSI bus number,
adapter name and unit numbers are printed as well.
periphlist List all peripheral drivers attached to a given physical
device (logical unit).
tur Send the SCSI test unit ready (0x00) command to the given
device. The camcontrol utility will report whether the
device is ready or not.
inquiry Send a SCSI inquiry command (0x12) to a device. By default,
camcontrol will print out the standard inquiry data, device
serial number, and transfer rate information. The user can
specify that only certain types of inquiry data be printed:
-D Get the standard inquiry data.
-S Print out the serial number. If this flag is the only
one specified, camcontrol will not print out "Serial
Number" before the value returned by the drive. This
is to aid in script writing.
-R Print out transfer rate information.
start Send the SCSI Start/Stop Unit (0x1B) command to the given
device with the start bit set.
stop Send the SCSI Start/Stop Unit (0x1B) command to the given
device with the start bit cleared.
load Send the SCSI Start/Stop Unit (0x1B) command to the given
device with the start bit set and the load/eject bit set.
eject Send the SCSI Start/Stop Unit (0x1B) command to the given
device with the start bit cleared and the load/eject bit set.
rescan Tell the kernel to scan all busses in the system (with the
all argument), the given bus (XPT_SCAN_BUS), or bus:target:lun
(XPT_SCAN_LUN) for new devices or devices that have
gone away. The user may specify a scan of all busses, a single
bus, or a lun. Scanning all luns on a target isn't supported.
reset Tell the kernel to reset all busses in the system (with the
all argument) or the given bus (XPT_RESET_BUS) by issuing a
SCSI bus reset for that bus, or to reset the given bus:target:lun
(XPT_RESET_DEV), typically by issuing a BUS DEVICE
RESET message after connecting to that device. Note that
this can have a destructive impact on the system.
defects Send the SCSI READ DEFECT DATA (10) command (0x37) to the
given device, and print out any combination of: the total
number of defects, the primary defect list (PLIST), and the
grown defect list (GLIST).
-f format The three format options are: block, to print
out the list as logical blocks, bfi, to print
out the list in bytes from index format, and
phys, to print out the list in physical sector
format. The format argument is required. Most
drives support the physical sector format. Some
drives support the logical block format. Many
drives, if they don't support the requested format,
return the data in an alternate format,
along with sense information indicating that the
requested data format isn't supported. The
camcontrol utility attempts to detect this, and
print out whatever format the drive returns. If
the drive uses a non-standard sense code to
report that it doesn't support the requested
format, camcontrol will probably see the error
as a failure to complete the request.
-G Print out the grown defect list. This is a list
of bad blocks that have been remapped since the
disk left the factory.
-P Print out the primary defect list.
If neither -P nor -G is specified, camcontrol will print out
the number of defects given in the READ DEFECT DATA header
returned from the drive.
modepage Allows the user to display and optionally edit a SCSI mode
page. The mode page formats are located in
/usr/share/misc/scsi_modes. This can be overridden by specifying
a different file in the SCSI_MODES environment variable.
The modepage command takes several arguments:
-d Disable block descriptors for mode sense.
-b Displays mode page data in binary format.
-e This flag allows the user to edit values in the
mode page. The user may either edit mode page
values with the text editor pointed to by his
EDITOR environment variable, or supply mode
page values via standard input, using the same
format that camcontrol uses to display mode
page values. The editor will be invoked if
camcontrol detects that standard input is terminal.
-l Lists all available mode pages.
-m mode_page This specifies the number of the mode page the
user would like to view and/or edit. This
argument is mandatory unless -l is specified.
-P pgctl This allows the user to specify the page control
field. Possible values are:
0 Current values
1 Changeable values
2 Default values
3 Saved values
cmd Allows the user to send an arbitrary SCSI CDB to any device.
The cmd function requires the -c argument to specify the CDB.
Other arguments are optional, depending on the command type.
The command and data specification syntax is documented in
cam_cdbparse(3). NOTE: If the CDB specified causes data to
be transfered to or from the SCSI device in question, you
MUST specify either -i or -o.
-c cmd [args] This specifies the SCSI CDB. CDBs may be
6, 10, 12 or 16 bytes.
-i len fmt This specifies the amount of data to read,
and how it should be displayed. If the
format is `-', len bytes of data will be
read from the device and written to standard
output.
-o len fmt [args] This specifies the amount of data to be
written to a device, and the data that is
to be written. If the format is `-', len
bytes of data will be read from standard
input and written to the device.
debug Turn on CAM debugging printfs in the kernel. This requires
options CAMDEBUG in your kernel config file. WARNING:
enabling debugging printfs currently causes an EXTREME number
of kernel printfs. You may have difficulty turning off the
debugging printfs once they start, since the kernel will be
busy printing messages and unable to service other requests
quickly. The debug function takes a number of arguments:
-I Enable CAM_DEBUG_INFO printfs.
-P Enable CAM_DEBUG_PERIPH printfs.
-T Enable CAM_DEBUG_TRACE printfs.
-S Enable CAM_DEBUG_SUBTRACE printfs.
-X Enable CAM_DEBUG_XPT printfs.
-c Enable CAM_DEBUG_CDB printfs. This will
cause the kernel to print out the SCSI
CDBs sent to the specified device(s).
all Enable debugging for all devices.
off Turn off debugging for all devices
bus[:target[:lun]] Turn on debugging for the given bus, target
or lun. If the lun or target and lun
are not specified, they are wildcarded.
(i.e., just specifying a bus turns on
debugging printfs for all devices on that
bus.)
tags Show or set the number of "tagged openings" or simultaneous
transactions we attempt to queue to a particular device. By
default, the tags command, with no command-specific arguments
(i.e. only generic arguments) prints out the "soft" maximum
number of transactions that can be queued to the device in
question. For more detailed information, use the -v argument
described below.
-N tags Set the number of tags for the given device. This
must be between the minimum and maximum number set
in the kernel quirk table. The default for most
devices that support tagged queueing is a minimum of
2 and a maximum of 255. The minimum and maximum
values for a given device may be determined by using
the -v switch. The meaning of the -v switch for
this camcontrol subcommand is described below.
-q Be quiet, and don't report the number of tags. This
is generally used when setting the number of tags.
-v The verbose flag has special functionality for the
tags argument. It causes camcontrol to print out
the tagged queueing related fields of the
XPT_GDEV_TYPE CCB:
dev_openings This is the amount of capacity for
transactions queued to a given
device.
dev_active This is the number of transactions
currently queued to a device.
devq_openings This is the kernel queue space for
transactions. This count usually
mirrors dev_openings except during
error recovery operations when the
device queue is frozen (device is not
allowed to receive commands), the
number of dev_openings is reduced, or
transaction replay is occurring.
devq_queued This is the number of transactions
waiting in the kernel queue for
capacity on the device. This number
is usually zero unless error recovery
is in progress.
held The held count is the number of CCBs
held by peripheral drivers that have
either just been completed or are
about to be released to the transport
layer for service by a device. Held
CCBs reserve capacity on a given
device.
mintags This is the current "hard" minimum
number of transactions that can be
queued to a device at once. The
dev_openings value above cannot go
below this number. The default value
for mintags is 2, although it may be
set higher or lower for various
devices.
maxtags This is the "hard" maximum number of
transactions that can be queued to a
device at one time. The dev_openings
value cannot go above this number.
The default value for maxtags is 255,
although it may be set higher or
lower for various devices.
negotiate Show or negotiate various communication parameters. Some
controllers may not support setting or changing some of these
values. For instance, the Adaptec 174x controllers do not
support changing a device's sync rate or offset. The
camcontrol utility will not attempt to set the parameter if
the controller indicates that it does not support setting the
parameter. To find out what the controller supports, use the
-v flag. The meaning of the -v flag for the negotiate command
is described below. Also, some controller drivers don't
support setting negotiation parameters, even if the underlying
controller supports negotiation changes. Some controllers,
such as the Advansys wide controllers, support
enabling and disabling synchronous negotiation for a device,
but do not support setting the synchronous negotiation rate.
-a Attempt to make the negotiation settings
take effect immediately by sending a Test
Unit Ready command to the device.
-c Show or set current negotiation settings.
This is the default.
-D enable|disable Enable or disable disconnection.
-O offset Set the command delay offset.
-q Be quiet, don't print anything. This is
generally useful when you want to set a
parameter, but don't want any status
information.
-R syncrate Change the synchronization rate for a
device. The sync rate is a floating point
value specified in MHz. So, for instance,
`20.000' is a legal value, as is `20'.
-T enable|disable Enable or disable tagged queueing for a
device.
-U Show or set user negotiation settings.
The default is to show or set current
negotiation settings.
-v The verbose switch has special meaning for
the negotiate subcommand. It causes
camcontrol to print out the contents of a
Path Inquiry (XPT_PATH_INQ) CCB sent to
the controller driver.
-W bus_width Specify the bus width to negotiate with a
device. The bus width is specified in
bits. The only useful values to specify
are 8, 16, and 32 bits. The controller
must support the bus width in question in
order for the setting to take effect.
In general, sync rate and offset settings will not take
effect for a device until a command has been sent to the
device. The -a switch above will automatically send a Test
Unit Ready to the device so negotiation parameters will take
effect.
format Issue the SCSI FORMAT UNIT command to the named device.
WARNING! WARNING! WARNING!
Low level formatting a disk will destroy ALL data on the
disk. Use extreme caution when issuing this command. Many
users low-level format disks that do not really need to be
low-level formatted. There are relatively few scenarios that
call for low-level formatting a disk. One reason for lowlevel
formatting a disk is to initialize the disk after
changing its physical sector size. Another reason for lowlevel
formatting a disk is to revive the disk if you are getting
"medium format corrupted" errors from the disk in
response to read and write requests.
Some disks take longer than others to format. Users should
specify a timeout long enough to allow the format to complete.
The default format timeout is 3 hours, which should
be long enough for most disks. Some hard disks will complete
a format operation in a very short period of time (on the
order of 5 minutes or less). This is often because the drive
doesn't really support the FORMAT UNIT command -- it just
accepts the command, waits a few minutes and then returns it.
The `format' subcommand takes several arguments that modify
its default behavior. The -q and -y arguments can be useful
for scripts.
-q Be quiet, don't print any status messages. This
option will not disable the questions, however. To
disable questions, use the -y argument, below.
-w Issue a non-immediate format command. By default,
camcontrol issues the FORMAT UNIT command with the
immediate bit set. This tells the device to immediately
return the format command, before the format
has actually completed. Then, camcontrol gathers
SCSI sense information from the device every second
to determine how far along in the format process it
is. If the -w argument is specified, camcontrol will
issue a non-immediate format command, and will be
unable to print any information to let the user know
what percentage of the disk has been formatted.
-y Don't ask any questions. By default, camcontrol will
ask the user if he/she really wants to format the
disk in question, and also if the default format command
timeout is acceptable. The user will not be
asked about the timeout if a timeout is specified on
the command line.
help Print out verbose usage information.
The SCSI_MODES variable allows the user to specify an alternate mode page
format file.
The EDITOR variable determines which text editor camcontrol starts when
editing mode pages.
/usr/share/misc/scsi_modes is the SCSI mode format database.
/dev/xpt0 is the transport layer device.
/dev/pass* are the CAM application passthrough devices.
camcontrol eject -n cd -u 1 -v
Eject the CD from cd1, and print SCSI sense information if the command
fails.
camcontrol tur da0
Send the SCSI test unit ready command to da0. The camcontrol utility
will report whether the disk is ready, but will not display sense information
if the command fails since the -v switch was not specified.
camcontrol tur da1 -E -C 4 -t 50 -v
Send a test unit ready command to da1. Enable kernel error recovery.
Specify a retry count of 4, and a timeout of 50 seconds. Enable sense
printing (with the -v flag) if the command fails. Since error recovery
is turned on, the disk will be spun up if it is not currently spinning.
The camcontrol utility will report whether the disk is ready.
camcontrol cmd -n cd -u 1 -v -c "3C 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0e 00" \
-i 0xe "s1 i3 i1 i1 i1 i1 i1 i1 i1 i1 i1 i1"
Issue a READ BUFFER command (0x3C) to cd1. Display the buffer size of
cd1, and display the first 10 bytes from the cache on cd1. Display SCSI
sense information if the command fails.
camcontrol cmd -n cd -u 1 -v -c "3B 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0e 00" \
-o 14 "00 00 00 00 1 2 3 4 5 6 v v v v" 7 8 9 8
Issue a WRITE BUFFER (0x3B) command to cd1. Write out 10 bytes of data,
not including the (reserved) 4 byte header. Print out sense information
if the command fails. Be very careful with this command, improper use
may cause data corruption.
camcontrol modepage da3 -m 1 -e -P 3
Edit mode page 1 (the Read-Write Error Recover page) for da3, and save
the settings on the drive. Mode page 1 contains a disk drive's auto read
and write reallocation settings, among other things.
camcontrol rescan all
Rescan all SCSI busses in the system for devices that have been added,
removed or changed.
camcontrol rescan 0
Rescan SCSI bus 0 for devices that have been added, removed or changed.
camcontrol rescan 0:1:0
Rescan SCSI bus 0, target 1, lun 0 to see if it has been added, removed,
or changed.
camcontrol tags da5 -N 24
Set the number of concurrent transactions for da5 to 24.
camcontrol negotiate -n da -u 4 -T disable
Disable tagged queueing for da4.
camcontrol negotiate -n da -u 3 -R 20.000 -O 15 -a
Negotiate a sync rate of 20MHz and an offset of 15 with da3. Then send a
Test Unit Ready command to make the settings take effect.
cam(3), cam_cdbparse(3), cam(4), pass(4), xpt(4)
The camcontrol utility first appeared in FreeBSD 3.0.
The mode page editing code and arbitrary SCSI command code are based upon
code in the old scsi(8) utility and scsi(3) library, written by Julian
Elischer and Peter Dufault. The scsi(8) program first appeared in 386BSD
0.1.2.4, and first appeared in FreeBSD in FreeBSD 2.0.5.
Kenneth Merry <[email protected]>
The code that parses the generic command line arguments doesn't know that
some of the subcommands take multiple arguments. So if, for instance,
you tried something like this:
camcontrol cmd -n da -u 1 -c "00 00 00 00 00 v" 0x00 -v
The sense information from the test unit ready command would not get
printed out, since the first getopt(3) call in camcontrol bails out when
it sees the second argument to -c (0x00), above. Fixing this behavior
would take some gross code, or changes to the getopt(3) interface. The
best way to circumvent this problem is to always make sure to specify
generic camcontrol arguments before any command-specific arguments.
FreeBSD 5.2.1 September 14, 1998 FreeBSD 5.2.1 [ Back ] |
