NAME    [Toc]    [Back]

     dup, dup2 -- duplicate an existing file descriptor

LIBRARY    [Toc]    [Back]

     Standard C Library (libc, -lc)

SYNOPSIS    [Toc]    [Back]

     #include <unistd.h>

     int
     dup(int oldd);

     int
     dup2(int oldd, int newd);

DESCRIPTION    [Toc]    [Back]

     The dup() system call duplicates an existing object descriptor and
     returns its value to the calling process (newd = dup(oldd)).  The argument
 oldd is a small non-negative integer index in the per-process
     descriptor table.	The value must be less than the size of the table,
     which is returned by getdtablesize(2).  The new descriptor returned by
     the call is the lowest numbered descriptor currently not in use by the
     process.

     The object referenced by the descriptor does not distinguish between oldd
     and newd in any way.  Thus if newd and oldd are duplicate references to
     an open file, read(2), write(2) and lseek(2) calls all move a single
     pointer into the file, and append mode, non-blocking I/O and asynchronous
     I/O options are shared between the references.  If a separate pointer
     into the file is desired, a different object reference to the file must
     be obtained by issuing an additional open(2) system call.	The close-onexec
 flag on the new file descriptor is unset.

     In dup2(), the value of the new descriptor newd is specified.  If this
     descriptor is already in use and oldd != newd, the descriptor is first
     deallocated as if the close(2) system call had been used.	If oldd is not
     a valid descriptor, then newd is not closed.  If oldd == newd and oldd is
     a valid descriptor, then dup2() is successful, and does nothing.

RETURN VALUES    [Toc]    [Back]

     The value -1 is returned if an error occurs in either call.  The external
     variable errno indicates the cause of the error.

ERRORS    [Toc]    [Back]

     The dup() and dup2() system calls fail if:

     [EBADF]		The oldd or newd argument is not a valid active
			descriptor

     [EMFILE]		Too many descriptors are active.

SEE ALSO    [Toc]    [Back]

     accept(2), close(2), fcntl(2), getdtablesize(2), open(2), pipe(2),
     socket(2), socketpair(2)

STANDARDS    [Toc]    [Back]

     The dup() and dup2() system calls are expected to conform to ISO/IEC
     9945-1:1990 (``POSIX.1'').

HISTORY    [Toc]    [Back]

     The dup() and dup2() functions appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX.


FreeBSD 5.2.1			 June 4, 1993			 FreeBSD 5.2.1