wait3, wait4 - wait for process termination, BSD style
#define _USE_BSD
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
pid_t wait3(int *status, int options,
struct rusage *rusage)
pid_t wait4(pid_t pid, int *status, int options,
struct rusage *rusage)
The wait3 function suspends execution of the current process until a
child has exited, or until a signal is delivered whose action is to
terminate the current process or to call a signal handling function.
If a child has already exited by the time of the call (a so-called
"zombie" process), the function returns immediately. Any system
resources used by the child are freed.
The wait4 function suspends execution of the current process until a
child as specified by the pid argument has exited, or until a signal is
delivered whose action is to terminate the current process or to call a
signal handling function. If a child as requested by pid has already
exited by the time of the call (a so-called "zombie" process), the
function returns immediately. Any system resources used by the child
are freed.
The value of pid can be one of:
< -1 which means to wait for any child process whose process group ID
is equal to the absolute value of pid.
-1 which means to wait for any child process; this is equivalent to
calling wait3.
0 which means to wait for any child process whose process group ID
is equal to that of the calling process.
> 0 which means to wait for the child whose process ID is equal to
the value of pid.
The value of options is a bitwise OR of zero or more of the following
constants:
WNOHANG [Toc] [Back]
which means to return immediately if no child is there to be
waited for.
WUNTRACED [Toc] [Back]
which means to also return for children which are stopped, and
whose status has not been reported.
If status is not NULL, wait3 or wait4 store status information in the
location pointed to by status.
This status can be evaluated with the following macros (these macros
take the stat buffer (an int) as an argument -- not a pointer to the
buffer!):
WIFEXITED(status)
is non-zero if the child exited normally.
WEXITSTATUS(status)
evaluates to the least significant eight bits of the return code
of the child which terminated, which may have been set as the
argument to a call to exit() or as the argument for a return
statement in the main program. This macro can only be evaluated
if WIFEXITED returned non-zero.
WIFSIGNALED(status)
returns true if the child process exited because of a signal
which was not caught.
WTERMSIG(status)
returns the number of the signal that caused the child process
to terminate. This macro can only be evaluated if WIFSIGNALED
returned non-zero.
WIFSTOPPED(status)
returns true if the child process which caused the return is
currently stopped; this is only possible if the call was done
using WUNTRACED.
WSTOPSIG(status)
returns the number of the signal which caused the child to stop.
This macro can only be evaluated if WIFSTOPPED returned
non-zero.
If rusage is not NULL, the struct rusage as defined in <sys/resource.h>
it points to will be filled with accounting information. See
getrusage(2) for details.
The process ID of the child which exited, -1 on error (in particular,
when no unwaited-for child processes of the specified kind exist) or
zero if WNOHANG was used and no child was available yet. In the latter
two cases errno will be set appropriately.
ECHILD No unwaited-for child process as specified does exist.
ERESTARTSYS [Toc] [Back]
if WNOHANG was not set and an unblocked signal or a SIGCHLD was
caught. This error is returned by the system call. The library
interface is not allowed to return ERESTARTSYS, but will return
EINTR.
Including <sys/time.h> is not required these days, but increases portability.
(Indeed, <sys/resource.h> defines the rusage structure with
fields of type struct timeval defined in <sys/time.h>.)
SVr4, POSIX.1
signal(2), getrusage(2), wait(2), signal(7)
Linux 1997-06-23 WAIT4(2)
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