NAME    [Toc]    [Back]

       ls - list directory contents

SYNOPSIS    [Toc]    [Back]

       ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...

DESCRIPTION    [Toc]    [Back]

       List  information  about  the FILEs (the current directory by default).
       Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuSUX nor --sort.

       -a, --all
	      do not hide entries starting with .

       -A, --almost-all
	      do not list implied . and ..

       -b, --escape
	      print octal escapes for nongraphic characters

       --block-size=SIZE
	      use SIZE-byte blocks

       -B, --ignore-backups
	      do not list implied entries ending with ~

       -c     with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last modification of
	      file  status  information)  with -l: show ctime and sort by name
	      otherwise: sort by ctime

       -C     list entries by columns

       --color[=WHEN]
	      control whether color is used to distinguish file  types.   WHEN
	      may be `never', `always', or `auto'

       -d, --directory
	      list directory entries instead of contents

       -D, --dired
	      generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode

       -f     do not sort, enable -aU, disable -lst

       -F, --classify
	      append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries

       --format=WORD
	      across  -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l, single-column -1,
	      verbose -l, vertical -C

       --full-time
	      list both full date and full time

       -g     (ignored)

       -G, --no-group
	      inhibit display of group information

       -h, --human-readable
	      print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)

       --si   likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024

       -H     same as `--si' for now; soon to change to conform to POSIX

       --indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:
	      none (default), classify (-F), file-type (-p)

       -i, --inode
	      print index number of each file

       -I, --ignore=PATTERN
	      do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN

       -k, --kilobytes
	      like --block-size=1024

       -l     use a long listing format

       -L, --dereference
	      show file information for referents of symlinks

       -m     fill width with a comma separated list of entries

       -n, --numeric-uid-gid
	      list numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names

       -N, --literal
	      print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control characters  specially)


       -o     use long listing format without group info

       -p, --file-type
	      append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries

       -q, --hide-control-chars
	      print ? instead of non graphic characters

       --show-control-chars
	      show  non  graphic  characters  as-is (default unless program is
	      `ls' and output is a terminal)

       -Q, --quote-name
	      enclose entry names in double quotes

       --quoting-style=WORD
	      use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale,	shell,
	      shell-always, c, escape

       -r, --reverse
	      reverse order while sorting

       -R, --recursive
	      list subdirectories recursively

       -s, --size
	      print size of each file, in blocks

       -S     sort by file size

       --sort=WORD
	      extension -X, none -U, size -S, time -t, version -v

	      status -c, time -t, atime -u, access -u, use -u

       --time=WORD
	      show  time  as WORD instead of modification time: atime, access,
	      use, ctime  or  status;  use  specified  time  as  sort  key  if
	      --sort=time

       -t     sort by modification time

       -T, --tabsize=COLS
	      assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8

       -u     with  -lt:  sort	by, and show, access time with -l: show access
	      time and sort by name otherwise: sort by access time

       -U     do not sort; list entries in directory order

       -v     sort by version

       -w, --width=COLS
	      assume screen width instead of current value

       -x     list entries by lines instead of by columns

       -X     sort alphabetically by entry extension

       -1     list one file per line

       --help display this help and exit

       --version
	      output version information and exit

       By default, color is not used to distinguish types of files.   That  is
       equivalent to using --color=none.  Using the --color option without the
       optional WHEN argument is equivalent  to  using	--color=always.   With
       --color=auto,  color  codes  are output only if standard output is connected
 to a terminal (tty).

AUTHOR    [Toc]    [Back]

       Written by Richard Stallman and David MacKenzie.

REPORTING BUGS    [Toc]    [Back]

       Report bugs to <[email protected]>.

COPYRIGHT    [Toc]    [Back]

       Copyright (C) 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
       This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is
       NO  warranty;  not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
       PURPOSE.

SEE ALSO    [Toc]    [Back]

       The full documentation for ls is maintained as a  Texinfo  manual.   If
       the  info and ls programs are properly installed at your site, the command


	      info ls

       should give you access to the complete manual.



ls (fileutils) 4.1		  March 2002				 LS(1)